Genuine-spec touchpad flex cable for MacBook Pro 13″ with Touch Bar (Model A1708, 2016–2017)—restores full Force Touch functionality, haptic feedback, and precise multi-touch gesture control during trackpad repair or replacement. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 13″ (2016) – Model A1708 (Model Identifier: MacBookPro13,1) MacBook Pro 13″ (2017) – Model A1708 (Model Identifier: MacBookPro14,1) (Both years share the same internal trackpad assembly and flex cable.) MacBook Pro 13″ (2016) – Model A1708 (Model Identifier: MacBookPro13,1) MacBook Pro 13″ (2017) – Model A1708 (Model Identifier: MacBookPro14,1) (Both years share the same internal trackpad assembly and flex cable.) Part Type: Touchpad flex cable only — does not include the trackpad housing, Taptic Engine, or mounting hardware. This is the OEM-style ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the logic board. Function: Transmits: Touch input coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support: Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, pinch-to-zoom, and smooth cursor tracking. Touch input coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support: Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, pinch-to-zoom, and smooth cursor tracking. OEM-Quality Build: Matches Apple’s original specifications in: Cable length and routing path Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Cable length and routing path Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Common Use Cases: Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, loss of Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, loss of Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Installation Note: Requires full bottom case removal and battery disconnection. Cable routes under internal components near the right speaker and logic board. Connects via a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—must be aligned carefully and latched gently. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only. Requires full bottom case removal and battery disconnection. Cable routes under internal components near the right speaker and logic board. Connects via a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—must be aligned carefully and latched gently. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only.
The Samsung 22″ 75Hz Essential Monitor is designed to enhance your daily computing tasks with smooth performance and vibrant colors. Whether you’re working, watching videos, or browsing, this monitor delivers clear and crisp visuals. Featuring a 22-inch screen, this monitor provides ample display space for multitasking. With a 75Hz refresh rate, the Samsung 22″ Essential Monitor ensures fluid motion, reducing screen tearing and providing a smooth viewing experience. The Full HD resolution brings sharp details and vivid colors, making your videos and images look more lifelike. Whether for work or entertainment, you’ll enjoy a more immersive visual experience with the Samsung 22″ Essential Monitor. With its slim and sleek design, this monitor complements any workspace. It’s easy to set up, and the compact design saves valuable desk space. The monitor’s slim bezels also give it a modern, streamlined look. The Samsung Essential Monitor comes equipped with Eye Saver Mode and Flicker-Free technology, designed to reduce eye strain during long hours of use. This makes it ideal for both work and extended screen time. In addition, the monitor offers easy connectivity options, including HDMI and VGA ports, allowing you to connect a wide range of devices effortlessly. In conclusion, the Samsung 22″ 75Hz Essential Monitor is the perfect blend of performance, style, and convenience. Upgrade your viewing experience with smooth visuals and vivid colors for everyday use. Specifications: Display : 22″ VA Resolution : FHD (1920×1080) Refresh Rate : 75Hz Response Time : 5ms GTG
The Crucial DDR4 32GB laptop memory runs at 3200MHz to deliver faster performance and smoother multitasking. Designed for reliability and compatibility, it’s an ideal upgrade for laptops that need improved speed, responsiveness, and efficiency. The Crucial DDR4 32GB 3200MHz laptop RAM is built for users who want to significantly boost their system’s performance. Whether you’re multitasking, working with heavy applications, or simply looking for a smoother everyday experience, this memory upgrade helps your laptop run faster and more efficiently. 32GB DDR4 Capacity: Provides ample memory for demanding tasks, multitasking, and professional workloads. 3200MHz Speed: Enhances system responsiveness and reduces load times. Laptop Form Factor: Designed specifically for notebooks using DDR4 SODIMM slots. Low Power Consumption: Improves efficiency and helps extend battery life. Wide Compatibility: Tested to work with a wide range of laptop brands and models. Manufactured by Crucial, a trusted Micron brand, this DDR4 memory is built using high-quality components and tested to meet strict reliability standards for long-term performance. With easy installation and a noticeable performance boost, the Crucial DDR4 32GB 3200MHz laptop RAM is a smart and cost-effective upgrade that extends the life and capabilities of your laptop.
OEM-quality trackpad replacement (without flex cable) for MacBook Air 13″ (Model A2179, 2020)—available in Space Gray and Silver finishes—engineered for precise Force Touch performance, smooth multi-touch gestures, and seamless visual integration. Compatible With: MacBook Air 13-inch (2020, Model A2179) with Intel Core i3/i5/i7 processors (non-M1). Part Type: Trackpad only—does not include the flex cable, Taptic Engine, or mounting hardware. Designed for technicians who will reuse the original internal components. Color Options: Space Gray: Matches Space Gray and Midnight finishes Silver: Matches Silver and Starlight finishes (Note: “Z1” typically refers to Apple’s internal regional/part code—this listing covers standard OEM trackpads for A2179.) Space Gray: Matches Space Gray and Midnight finishes Silver: Matches Silver and Starlight finishes (Note: “Z1” typically refers to Apple’s internal regional/part code—this listing covers standard OEM trackpads for A2179.) Force Touch Capable: Fully supports pressure-sensitive input and haptic feedback when paired with the original Taptic Engine and logic board—ensuring full macOS gesture functionality. Precision Build: Mirror-smooth glass surface with exact curvature, texture, and micro-click mechanism matching Apple’s original design for consistent tracking and tactile response. Installation Requirements: Requires full bottom case disassembly and careful transfer of the original flex cable and Taptic Engine. Proper adhesive application is critical for structural integrity and sensor alignment. Recommended for professional or experienced repair technicians only. Important: This is a bare trackpad assembly—not a plug-and-play module. Functionality depends on correct integration with original electronics.
TT03XL Laptop Battery Compatible with Hp EliteBook 850 G5 850 G6 ZBook 15U G5 15U G6 Series Notebook 932824-2C1 933322-855 932824-421 HSTNN-LB8H HSTNN-DB8K 11.55V 56Wh 4610mAh About this item 【Battery type】Li-ion. Voltage: 11.55V. Capacity: 56Wh 4610mAh. 【Replacement For Laptop】Hp EliteBook 850 G5 G6, ZBook 15U G5 G6 Series . 【Compatible Part Number】TT03XL 932824-2C1 933322-855 932824-421 HSTNN-LB8H HSTNN-DB8K TTO3XL. 【Connector】Before placing your order, Please refer to the picture and check it. Because the products produced by different factories will have differences in size, cable length, interface, etc. 【Use Skills】If the new battery is not recognized during the initial installation, please reinstall and check if the interface is fully connected. Discharge the new battery to 5% (not 0%), then charge and cycle 3-4 times to wake up the new battery.
PCE M8-700 UPS (line-interactive) — 700 VA / 360 W backup unit for 220–240 V input. Protects PCs, routers, small electronics from outages and voltage swings. The PCE M8-700 is a line-interactive UPS designed for home or small office use. It provides backup power, voltage regulation (AVR), surge protection, and supports automatic switching during outages. Ideal for desktop PCs, network gear, monitors, or point-of-sale systems. Features & Capabilities Line-interactive topology: regulates input voltage without switching to battery when voltage fluctuates mildly. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct undervolt/overvolt conditions. Simulated (stepped) sine wave output in battery mode. Surge, overload, short circuit, discharge protections built in. Cold start capability (ability to power on from battery with no mains) LED + audible alarms for status (battery mode, overload, fault) USB / RS232 interface in some variants for power management (shutdown, monitoring) Technical Specifications What “Input 220–240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3.7 A” Means (and Caveats) If the specification you’re giving is “3.7 A” at input, that corresponds to a maximum input current draw when the UPS is handling a heavy load or during charging cycles. At 230 V × 3.7 A ≈ 850 W of input capacity. The unit’s 360 W output means there’s overhead for losses, inverter inefficiency, battery charging, etc. The UPS must operate within the stated voltage and frequency ranges — if input is too low or too high, it may switch to battery or go into protection mode.
Looking for a monitor that delivers unparalleled visual performance? Look no further than the ViewSonic ColorPro 32″ 4K Monitor. With its cutting-edge technology and sleek design, it’s the ultimate choice for professionals and enthusiasts alike. Featuring a stunning 32-inch 4K display, this monitor brings your content to life with breathtaking clarity and detail. Whether you’re editing photos, designing graphics, or watching movies, every pixel pops with vivid color and crisp definition. Moreover, the ViewSonic ColorPro monitor is calibrated to deliver precise color accuracy, making it ideal for graphic design, photography, and video editing. Say goodbye to color distortion and enjoy true-to-life hues that enhance your creative workflow. But it’s not just about visuals—the ViewSonic ColorPro monitor also offers exceptional functionality. With advanced connectivity options like HDMI, DisplayPort, and USB-C, you can easily connect your devices for seamless multitasking. Additionally, the monitor’s ergonomic design ensures comfortable viewing during long hours of use. Adjustable tilt, swivel, and height settings allow you to find the perfect position for maximum productivity and comfort. In summary, the ViewSonic ColorPro 32″ 4K Monitor combines stunning visuals, precise color accuracy, and versatile connectivity to deliver an unparalleled viewing experience. Whether you’re a professional creator or a discerning enthusiast, elevate your display with ViewSonic ColorPro. Specifications: Display : 32″ IPS Resolution : 3840 x 2160 UHD Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Rate : 5ms
Brand Crucial Computer Memory Size 8 GB RAM Memory Technology DDR4 Memory Speed 2666 MHz Compatible Devices Laptop, PC Improve your system's responsiveness, run apps faster and multitask with ease Install with ease; no computer skills required How-to guides available at Crucial Compatibility assurance when using the Crucial System Scanner or Crucial Advisor Tool Micron quality and reliability is backed by superior component and module level testing and 42 years of memory expertise ECC Type = Non-ECC, Form Factor = SODIMM, Pin Count = 260-pin, PC Speed = PC4-21300, Voltage = 1.2V, Rank and Configuration = 1Rx16, 1Rx8 or 2Rx8 Brand Crucial Computer Memory Size 8 GB RAM Memory Technology DDR4 Memory Speed 2666 MHz Compatible Devices Laptop, PC Improve your system’s responsiveness, run apps faster and multitask with ease Install with ease; no computer skills required How-to guides available at Crucial Compatibility assurance when using the Crucial System Scanner or Crucial Advisor Tool Micron quality and reliability is backed by superior component and module level testing and 42 years of memory expertise ECC Type = Non-ECC, Form Factor = SODIMM, Pin Count = 260-pin, PC Speed = PC4-21300, Voltage = 1.2V, Rank and Configuration = 1Rx16, 1Rx8 or 2Rx8
The LB-LINK AX900 USB WiFi adapter delivers fast and stable wireless connectivity with WiFi 6 technology and speeds up to 900Mbps. Featuring dual-band support (2.4GHz + 5GHz), it’s ideal for upgrading PCs and laptops for smoother streaming, gaming, and online work. The LB-LINK AX900 USB WiFi Adapter is a modern wireless solution designed to upgrade your computer to the latest WiFi 6 (802.11ax) standard. It offers improved speed, better network efficiency, and stronger stability compared to older WiFi adapters. With dual-band support, you can connect to either the 2.4GHz band for long-range stability or the 5GHz band for higher speed and lower latency. Its compact USB design makes it perfect for desktops and laptops needing fast internet without installing internal cards. WiFi 6 (802.11ax) Technology for faster performance and better efficiency AX900 Speed (Up to 900Mbps) for smooth streaming and downloads Dual Band Support: 2.4GHz + 5GHz for flexibility and stability USB Plug & Play easy installation (driver may be required) Low Latency Connection ideal for gaming and video calls Compact Portable Design perfect for laptops and desktops Improves WiFi Performance for weak built-in adapters Ideal for PCs and laptops that need faster WiFi speeds and stronger connectivity. Perfect for online gaming, HD streaming, Zoom/Teams meetings, and stable browsing.
External Seagate 2TB/4TB HDD Expansion Portable Drive Easily store and access 2TB/4TB of content on the go with Seagate Expansion Portable hard drive This external hard drive for Windows computers makes backup a snap just drag and drop To get set up, connect the portable hard drive to your Windows computer for automatic recognition no software required This USB drive provides plug and play simplicity with the included 18 inch USB 3.0 cable Enjoy long term peace of mind with the included one year limited warranty
The MSI G32CQ5P 32″ 1ms 170Hz Curved Gaming Monitor delivers immersive visuals and fast performance for gamers and entertainment users. Its large 32‑inch curved screen wraps slightly around your view, making games, movies, and work more engaging. Moreover, the high 170Hz refresh rate ensures smooth motion and responsive gameplay so action looks fluid and natural. This gaming monitor features a quick 1ms response time that reduces motion blur and ghosting, giving you clearer visuals during intense gaming sessions. Additionally, the vivid colors and rich contrast make visuals more vibrant and detailed, enhancing your overall viewing experience. The sleek design fits gaming setups and home offices with ease, adding a modern touch to your space. The MSI G32CQ5P includes multiple connectivity options, allowing you to connect gaming PCs, consoles, and multimedia devices quickly and easily. Furthermore, ergonomic tilt adjustments help maintain comfortable viewing during long play or work sessions. Therefore, it is ideal for gamers, students, and professionals seeking both performance and style. Finally, it combines immersive curved visuals, smooth performance, and practical design for everyday use. Specifications: 32″ curved gaming monitor 1ms response time for reduced motion blur 170Hz refresh rate for smooth gameplay Vivid colors and immersive visuals Multiple connectivity options
The Cudy WR1200 AC1200 Router offers flexible networking with its 5-in-1 functionality and dual-band WiFi speeds up to 1200Mbps. Ideal for home and office use, it provides stable connectivity, wide coverage, and multiple operating modes to suit different network needs. AC1200 Dual Band WiFi – Combined speeds of up to 1200Mbps (300Mbps on 2.4GHz + 867Mbps on 5GHz) for smooth browsing, streaming, and gaming. 5-in-1 Multi-Mode Functionality – Works as Router, Access Point, Range Extender, WISP, and Client for maximum flexibility. Wide Coverage – High-gain antennas ensure strong and stable WiFi signal throughout your home or office. Fast Ethernet Ports – Reliable wired connections for computers, smart TVs, and other devices. Easy Setup & Management – Simple configuration through an intuitive web interface. Stable Multi-Device Performance – Designed to handle multiple connected devices efficiently. Secure Network – WPA/WPA2 encryption keeps your connection safe and private. 1 × WAN Port 4 × LAN Ports Dual Band WiFi (2.4GHz & 5GHz) Ethernet (RJ45) Wireless Security (WPA/WPA2)
The ViewSonic VX24G10 24″ FHD 240Hz Gaming Monitor delivers ultra-smooth visuals ideal for gaming and daily use. It displays Full HD resolution with bright colors and crisp detail. The screen uses an IPS panel for wide viewing angles and accurate color. This makes movies, work, and games look clear and vivid. Moreover, the VX24G10 offers a blazing 240 Hz refresh rate. It reduces motion blur and makes fast movements appear fluid. This is especially helpful in competitive games or fast action scenes. The 1 ms response time ensures quick pixel transitions for sharp results. It helps avoid ghosting and lag during gameplay. In addition, the monitor includes modern connectivity options: multiple HDMI ports and DisplayPort. These ports let you connect PCs, laptops, and consoles easily. This flexibility supports many devices without trouble. The monitor also supports adaptive sync (FreeSync / G-Sync), which reduces screen tearing and ensures smooth frame rates. Furthermore, the ViewSonic VX24G10 features eye-friendly technology. Its flicker-free panel and blue-light filter help reduce eye strain during long sessions. The slim bezel design gives a modern look and saves desk space. The stand allows slight tilt adjustment for comfortable viewing angles. Also, the monitor supports HDR10, enhancing contrast and improving dynamic range for richer images. This adds depth to games, movies, and creative work. The combination of IPS quality, fast refresh, and HDR makes the VX24G10 a versatile choice for both gaming and productivity. Overall, the ViewSonic VX24G10 24″ FHD 240Hz Gaming Monitor offers smooth motion, sharp visuals, strong compatibility, and eye care. It is perfect for gamers, creators, and anyone who values performance and comfort. It enhances every task — from gaming to work to watching media. Specifications: Display : 24″ IPS Resolution : 1920×1080 Refresh Rate : 240Hz Response Time : 1ms
Genuine Apple MacBook Pro 15″ (A1990) display assembly—carefully removed from original units and tested for quality. Perfect for repairs or replacements with full OEM clarity and color accuracy. Model Compatibility: Designed exclusively for MacBook Pro 15-inch (2018–2019 models, A1990). Original Apple Display: Not a third-party or replica—this is a genuine Apple Retina display assembly pulled from verified MacBook Pro units. Retina Quality: Features a 15.4-inch LED-backlit Retina display with 2880 x 1800 resolution, True Tone technology, and P3 wide color gamut for vibrant, accurate visuals. Includes Full Assembly: Complete with front glass, LCD panel, camera module, ambient light sensor, and bezel—ready for direct installation. Professionally Tested: Each unit undergoes visual and functional inspection to ensure no dead pixels, discoloration, or backlight bleeding. Condition: “Pulled” means it was removed from a working or used MacBook Pro—cosmetically clean with full functionality, but not brand new. Ideal for Repair Technicians: Perfect for screen replacements, device refurbishment, or parts resellers requiring OEM-level quality.
The Lenovo ThinkVision T32h-30 31.5″ 60Hz 2K Business Monitor is built for productivity and comfort. It offers a large and clear display that helps you work more efficiently. This monitor is perfect for offices, creators, and home workspaces. With its 31.5-inch 2K resolution, the Lenovo ThinkVision T32h-30 31.5″ 60Hz 2K Business Monitor delivers sharp details and bright colors. Text looks clean and images appear crisp. Therefore, you can enjoy better clarity during long work sessions. The 60Hz refresh rate ensures smooth motion for daily tasks. It is ideal for spreadsheets, browsing, and video meetings. As a result, your workflow feels more stable and comfortable. The Lenovo ThinkVision T32h-30 31.5″ 60Hz 2K Business Monitor features ultra-thin bezels for a modern design. This also makes multi-monitor setups more seamless and visually appealing. Its ergonomic stand allows tilt, swivel, and height adjustments. You can set the perfect viewing angle and reduce strain. Moreover, it uses low blue light technology to protect your eyes during long hours. The monitor includes USB-C, HDMI, and DisplayPort connections. With USB-C, you can charge your laptop and transfer data with one cable. This helps keep your workspace clean and organized. In summary, the Lenovo ThinkVision T32h-30 31.5″ 60Hz 2K Business Monitor offers clarity, comfort, and strong connectivity. It is an excellent choice for professionals who need space, precision, and modern features. Specifications: Display : 31.5″ IPS Resolution : 2K (2560×1440) Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Time : 4ms GtG
BATTERY DELL 93FTF Laptop Battery Compatible with Dell Precision15 3520 3530 Dell Latitude12 5280 E5280 Latitude E5280 E5480 E5580 E5490 E5590 E5480 E5290 E5591E5491 Series D4CMT 4YFVG 83XPC 083XPC 11.4V 51Wh About this item Battery Type:3cell Li Polymer Best Quality Voltage &Capacity :11.4V 51Wh 4254MAH Safeguard features against incorrect voltage, short circuit, internal overheating 100% Brand new ,Grade A cells battery; Quality assurance;every battery has passed factory testing; 500+ recharge cycles over
OEM-quality touchpad replacement for MacBook Air 13.6″ (Model A2681, 2022)—available in Gray, Gold, Silver, and Blue to match your original chassis color. Precision-engineered for seamless Force Touch performance and smooth gesture control. Compatible With: MacBook Air 13.6-inch (2022, Model A2681) with M2 chip—includes all color variants: Space Gray, Gold, Silver, and Midnight Blue. Part Type: Touchpad only—does not include the flex cable, connector, or mounting brackets. Intended for technicians reusing the original cable or transferring it during repair. Color-Matched Finish: Available in all four official A2681 colors to maintain aesthetic consistency with your MacBook’s lower case. Force Touch Support: Full compatibility with Force Touch gestures, haptic feedback, and multi-touch functionality (requires original Taptic Engine and logic board). OEM Build Quality: Matches Apple’s original surface texture, curvature, and responsiveness—ensures consistent click feel and tracking accuracy. Installation Note: Requires careful transfer of the original flex cable and Taptic Engine (if not already attached). Full bottom case disassembly is necessary. Recommended for professional repair technicians.
The Lenovo G34W-30 34″ Monitor delivers immersive visuals and smooth performance for gaming, streaming, and multimedia.It features a 34-inch WQHD curved display that shows sharp details and vibrant colors. Moreover, its high refresh rate ensures fluid motion during fast-paced games. This monitor uses a VA panel for strong contrast and wide viewing angles. Additionally, the fast response time reduces blur and ghosting for competitive gaming. The curved design and anti-glare screen enhance immersion and reduce reflections in bright environments. HDMI and DisplayPort inputs allow easy connection to PCs, laptops, and gaming consoles. Furthermore, tilt adjustment lets you find a comfortable viewing angle during long sessions. Low blue light and flicker-free technologies help reduce eye strain over extended use. This display is ideal for gamers, streamers, and home users. Therefore, it supports competitive gaming, media streaming, and productivity tasks. Finally, it combines immersive visuals, fast performance, and comfort features for daily use. Specifications: Screen Size: 34″ WQHD curved VA panel Resolution: 3440 × 1440 Refresh Rate: High for smooth motion Ports: HDMI + DisplayPort Features: Anti-glare, low blue light, flicker-free eye care
CI03 CI03XL Battery for HP ProBook 640 G2 645 G2 650 G2 655 G2, ProBook 640 G3 645 G3 650 G3 655 G3 Laptop, P/N: HSTNN-UB6Q HSTNN-LB6T HSTNN-PB6K 801554-001 About this item 【BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS】 Type: Li-ion ‖ Capacity: 48Wh ‖ Voltage: 11.4V ‖ Model: CI03XL 【COMPATIBLE LAPTOP MODEL】For ProBook 640 G2, ProBook 640 G3, ProBook 645 G2, ProBook 645 G3, ProBook 650 G2, ProBook 650 G3, ProBook 655 G2, ProBook 655 G3 Notebook. 【PART NUMBER】CI03, CI03XL, C103XL, CIO3XL, CI03048XL, CIO3, HSTNN-UB6Q, HSTNN-LB6T, HSTNN-PB6K, HSTNN-UB6Q, HSTNN-DB7N, HSTNN-I66C-4, HSTNN-I66C-5U, HSTNN-I66C-5H, HSTNN-I67C-4, HSTNN-I67C-5, 801517-221, 801517-222, 801517-231, 801517-232, 801517-241, 801517-242, 801517-421, 801517-422,801517-541, 801517-831, 801554-001. 【MULTIPLE PRETCTION】 Don’t fall into buying cheap and unsafe batteries. All our batteries are certified by CE, and FCC for safety. Bulit-in circuit protection ensures both safety and stability.
Philips 271V8W is a 27-inch Full HD LCD monitor designed for everyday use. It delivers a 1920 × 1080 resolution with a 75Hz refresh rate and IPS panel for wide viewing angles and consistent color performance. Additionally, it includes Adaptive Sync technology for smoother visuals and reduced screen tearing. Moreover, it supports Flicker-Free technology and LowBlue Mode to help reduce eye strain during long use. It also features an anti-glare coating for more comfortable viewing in bright environments. SmartContrast adjusts brightness and contrast based on displayed content for improved image clarity. The Philips 271V8W monitor provides a simple and reliable 27-inch IPS display experience with smooth 75Hz performance for daily tasks. Specifications: 27-inch IPS panel with Full HD 1920 × 1080 resolution 75Hz refresh rate for smooth daily visuals Adaptive Sync for reduced screen tearing Flicker-Free technology for eye comfort LowBlue Mode and anti-glare coating for reduced eye strain
