The Beco GP800 800VA 480W UPS delivers dependable power protection for home and office electronics. It keeps devices running during short power cuts. This helps prevent data loss and sudden shutdowns. Users enjoy peace of mind with reliable backup power. Moreover, the Beco GP800 UPS features 800 VA capacity and 480 W output power for stronger protection. It supports desktops, routers, modems, and monitors easily. Devices stay powered long enough to save work. Performance remains stable. In addition, the UPS includes built-in surge protection for safety against spikes. It guards appliances from voltage surges and unstable power conditions. This adds extra defense during storms or power fluctuations. Protection stays consistent. Furthermore, the Beco GP800 800VA 480W UPS offers automatic voltage regulation without manual adjustment. It corrects voltage dips and spikes smoothly. This helps maintain steady performance for connected devices. Reliability improves everyday use. Also, the unit provides battery backup during outages to keep systems running. You can finish tasks and save files before shutdown. This reduces the risk of data corruption. Battery backup feels dependable. In addition, the Beco GP800 UPS includes clear LED indicators for power and battery status. You can check conditions at a glance. This makes monitoring simple and fast. Users stay informed. Furthermore, the Beco GP800 UPS supports easy installation and setup. Users can plug in devices quickly without complicated steps. Setup remains stress-free for beginners and experts. Overall, the Beco GP800 800VA 480W UPS delivers reliable battery backup, surge protection, and stable power output. It protects electronics and supports uninterrupted use. This UPS is ideal for users seeking strong, everyday power protection. Specifications: 800VA, 480W, LED, Plastic Case Input: 140-290 VAC Output: 230VAC 50/60HZ 12V 9AH *1pc, Universal Socket *2 + EU Plug With AVR, Bypass output Overload and short circuit protection
The Eaton 9E UPS Online Double Conversion 6000VA 4800W is a powerful and reliable power backup solution. It ensures uninterrupted power for critical devices, protecting them from outages and fluctuations. This UPS uses advanced double-conversion technology for maximum power reliability. It provides consistent and clean power, making it perfect for sensitive equipment like servers, medical devices, and data centers. The Eaton 9E UPS delivers 6000VA (4800W) of capacity, making it suitable for high-load environments. Its robust design ensures consistent performance even during extended power outages. This makes it ideal for businesses that cannot afford downtime. Setting up the UPS is simple, and it integrates seamlessly into existing systems. It comes with an intuitive LCD interface, making monitoring and management straightforward. You can easily view critical information, such as load levels, battery status, and alerts. The Eaton 9E UPS also features a scalable runtime. You can add additional battery modules to extend backup time as your needs grow. This flexibility ensures long-term usability and value. With its compact footprint, the UPS saves space in your office or server room. Its energy-efficient design reduces operating costs while ensuring reliable performance. This UPS is equipped with advanced features, such as remote monitoring capabilities. Using Eaton’s management software, you can monitor and control the UPS from anywhere. The Eaton 9E UPS Online Double Conversion 6000VA 4800W is a reliable investment for protecting your critical systems. Ensure uninterrupted power for your business with this advanced and efficient UPS solution. Specifications: Wattage : 4800W VA Rating : 6000 VA
Specifications : Professional II Series (1P/1P) Tower is specifically designed for operation in poor power areas. They provides high power density with long backup time in compact size. It’s ideal for ATMs, banking and other business critical applications. – True double-conversion – Microprocessor control optimizes reliability – Output power factor 0.8 – Wide input voltage (110 V – 300 V) – Converter mode available – ECO mode for energy saving – Generator compatible – Smart SNMP works well with either USB or RS-232 together – Comprehensive display allows easy monitoring and access of UPS status – Input power factor correction manufacturer link
APC UPS Accessories VGL9901I Easy UPS Dry Contact Card/Relay I/O card, 1 – 10KVA (SRV models)
APC UPS Accessories SRVRK2 APC Easy UPS RAIL KIT, 900MM, 1 – 10KVA (Rackable SRV models)
Presentation High quality, Double-conversion On-line UPS designed for essential power protection needs even in the most unstable power conditions. Lead time Usually in Stock General provided equipment Basic UPS signalling RS-232 cable CD with software Rack mounting brackets User manual USB cable Number of tare power 25 W Number of power module free slots 0 Number of power module filled slots 0 redundant No UPS size WS Physical number of rack unit 5U colour Black depth 61.5 cm height 21.95 cm net weight 78 kg USB compatible Yes width 43.8 cm Input network frequency 40…70 Hz number of input connectors 1 hard wire 3-wire (1P + N + E) input voltage limits 110…300 V adjustable (half load) 176…300 V inputvolt_other 220 V 240 V input voltage 230 V Output rated power in W 6000 W Maximum configurable power in W 6000 W output frequency 50/60 Hz +/- 3 Hz sync to mains outputvolt_other 220 V 240 V crest factor 3 : 1 UPS type Double conversion online Wave type Sine wave output connector type Hard wire 3-wire (H N + E) 1 bypass type Internal bypass (automatic and manual) curve equation Efficiency curve load maximum 100 % curve X-axis maximum 100 % curve X-axis minimum 0 % curve X-axis title Load curve X-axis units Percentage curve Y-axis maximum 100 % curve Y-axis minimum 50 % curve Y-axis title Efficiency curve Y-axis units Percentage efficiency 94 % (full load) graph display 1 half load runtime 00:10:00 3000 W output voltage 230 V Maximum configurable power in VA 6000 VA rated power in VA 6000 VA Conformance product certifications CE standards IEC 62040-1-1 IEC 62040-1-2 Environmental ambient air temperature for operation 0…40 °C relative humidity 0…95 % non-condensing operating altitude 0…3000 m ambient air temperature for storage -15…60 °C Storage Relative Humidity Non-condensing 0…95 % storage altitude 0…15000 m acoustic level 55 dB show note OP temperature No IP degree of protection IP20 Batteries & Runtime battery type Lead-acid battery number of battery filled slots 0 number of battery free slots 0 Battery recharge time 3 h additional information Configurable for 220 : 230 or 240 nominal output voltage liquid value 0 battery curve D Battery power in VAH 1512 VAh runtime battery option SRV240RLBP-9A 1 3024 VAh SRV240RLBP-9A 2 4536 VAh SRV240RLBP-9A 3 6048 VAh SRV240RLBP-9A 4 7560 VAh SRV240RLBP-9A Communications & Management free slots 1 control panel Multifunction LCD status and control console alarm Alarm when on battery : distinctive low battery alarm : overload continuous tone alarm Emergency power off Yes manufacturer link 1 YEAR WARRANTY
The PCE PCD 12V 100Ah Deep Cycle Battery delivers strong and reliable power for many applications. It offers a larger 100Ah capacity for extended use. This helps engines, systems, and devices run longer between charges. Users experience dependable energy when needed most. Moreover, the PCE PCD Deep Cycle Battery uses a deep cycle design built for repeated discharge and recharge. It supports long-term use without damage. This increases the battery’s lifespan and reduces replacements. Performance remains consistent over time. In addition, the battery provides a stable 12 V output for balanced power delivery. It suits solar systems, RVs, marine setups, and backup power solutions. Power stays steady for lights and appliances. Daily use becomes more efficient. Furthermore, the PCE PCD 12V 100Ah Deep Cycle Battery features a rugged casing that protects internal cells. The strong build resists wear and harsh conditions. This helps maintain performance in many environments. Durability feels reassuring. Also, the battery supports deep discharge recovery for long service life. It recovers well after heavy use cycles. This improves energy storage and reliability. Users rely on strong power anytime. In addition, the PCE PCD Deep Cycle Battery is easy to install in compatible racks and holders. Connections stay secure and simple. Setup feels user-friendly for both beginners and professionals. Installation remains smooth. Furthermore, the PCE PCD Deep Cycle Battery performs steadily across varying temperatures. It stays reliable in moderate heat and cold. This makes it ideal for outdoor and mobile use. Overall, the PCE PCD 12V 100Ah Deep Cycle Battery delivers dependable power, long life, and robust performance. It fits homes, boats, RVs, and solar systems. This battery is perfect for users who want strong, lasting deep cycle energy every day. Specifications: Voltage : 12V Capacity : 100Ah
UPS ONLINE 2KVA 1600W PURE SINEWAVE 1 YEAR WARRANTY
The Beco GS3000 3000VA 1800W UPS delivers powerful backup power for demanding home, office, and business setups. It supports high-performance desktops, servers, and networking systems. This UPS helps prevent data loss and sudden shutdowns during power outages. Users enjoy dependable protection while working and gaming. Moreover, the Beco GS3000 3000VA 1800W UPS offers a strong 3000 VA capacity with 1800 W output power for heavy electrical loads. It keeps multiple devices powered longer during interruptions. This improves system stability and uptime. Reliability stays consistent under heavy use. In addition, the UPS features built-in surge protection for shielding electronics against voltage spikes. It guards your devices from electrical damage. This adds extra peace of mind during storms and unstable power. Protection remains strong and consistent. Furthermore, the Beco GS3000 3000VA 1800W UPS includes automatic voltage regulation to correct lows and highs. It balances voltage without manual input. As a result, connected systems receive steady power. This helps prolong device lifespan. Also, the UPS delivers reliable battery backup when electricity fails. You can save work and safely shut down devices before the battery runs out. This prevents data corruption and interruptions. Backup support feels dependable. In addition, the Beco GS3000 3000VA 1800W UPS includes clear LED indicators for easy status checks. You can monitor power and battery conditions at a glance. Monitoring becomes simple and intuitive. Users stay informed. Moreover, the UPS supports multiple output sockets for connecting many devices. This increases flexibility for busy workstations, servers, and media setups. You can protect key electronics with one unit. Furthermore, the Beco GS3000 3000VA 1800W UPS supports plug-and-play installation without complex steps. Setup is fast and stress-free for all users. Connections remain secure and organized. Also, the sturdy and compact design fits desks, shelves, and racks without taking much space. It blends well into office and home environments. Overall, the Beco GS3000 3000VA 1800W UPS delivers strong battery backup, surge protection, and steady voltage regulation. This UPS is ideal for users who need powerful and dependable power protection daily. Specifications: 3000VA, 1800W, LCD, Metal Case Input: 145-290 VAC Output: 230VAC 50/60HZ 12V 9AH *4pcs, Universal Socket *4 + EU Plug With AVR, Bypass output Overload and short circuit protection
INVO Online INH100 INVO Online INH100 Centralized server center, mainframe, network control center, computing center max efficiency UPS System . AC Input Bypass AC Output . Battery Fault Screen OFF ON LCD AC Input Bypass AC Output Battery Fault Screen OFF ON LCD INVO Online INH100 Full Specifications : INVO Online INH100 Centralized server center, mainframe, network control center, computing center INVO Online INH100 UPS High Frequency 1000 VA, LCD Display Inbuilt Battery 2 x 12V/9AH Specifications: Specifications : Centralized server center, mainframe, network control center, computing center INVO Online UPS High Frequency 1000 VA, LCD Display Inbuilt Battery 2 x 12V/9AH 1 year warranty Manufacturer Link
UPS ONLINE 3KVA 2400W 1 YEAR WARRANTY ABSOLUTELY PURE SINUSWELLE – With this inverter / inverter you operate your 220V devices via a 24V battery and a continuous power of 2400W 3KVA. Inverter is a device that allows you to use electrical devices everywhere, even when you are not at the power source MULTIFUNCTION HYBRID UNIT – Thanks to the small LCD display, it is also possible to charge the batteries with AC / solar charge controllers, setting the input voltage range and charging current. MODERN PROTECTION FEATURES – The device has many modern safety features such as: overload protection, overheating protection, short-circuit protection, so it is also suitable for home appliances, as well as microwaves, air conditioners, refrigerator, fan and daylight lamp. HIGH QUALITY MATERIALS – Equipped with PWM control, the inverter generates a pleasing amount of waste heat.
Hawk Ups 1500VA Input: Phase: Single + GND. Voltage Range: 165-275V/ 82V-138V. Frequency: 50/60Hz +- 10%. Output: Voltage Range: 220/230/240/110/120V +- 10%. Wave Form: Sine wave ( Mains), Square Waves (inverter). Frequency: 50/60Hz +- 1% (Batter Mode). Crest Factor: 3:1. Transfer time: <10ms. Protection: Energy rating: 320 Joules Instantaneous response. Test Standard: IEEE 587 Cat. A&B. Noise Filtering: EMI/RFI: Full Time Suppression. Communication: RS232 or USB with PC monitoring software and cable (optional). Battery: Type: Sealed Lead-acid. Quantity: (x2) 12V8A. Backup Time: 15-20min depends on the load.
The Twist Online High Frequency UPS 3KVA TWUP3000/HF delivers reliable backup power for servers, networking systems, and professional equipment. It uses online double conversion technology for continuous clean power output. Additionally, the high-frequency design improves efficiency and reduces power interruption risks. Moreover, the UPS includes an LCD display for real-time system monitoring and status alerts. It features internal 6x12V/9Ah batteries for backup operation during outages. Therefore, it helps protect sensitive devices from voltage fluctuations and sudden power loss. Furthermore, the TWUP3000/HF supports pure sine wave output for stable performance with critical equipment. It also includes overload, short-circuit, and overheating protection for safer operation. Additionally, the compact tower design fits office, server room, and IT environments easily. Specifications: 3KVA online double conversion UPS technology Internal 6x12V/9Ah rechargeable batteries LCD display for real-time monitoring Pure sine wave output for stable power delivery Overload and short-circuit protection system
Onduleur tour Keor LP avec batterie avec 2 prises de courant 2P+T + 6 prises IEC 10A – 3000VA 2700W – port USB et RS232 1 YEAR WARRANTY
The Prosonic 2000mAh MINI DC UPS | GS-1018 provides stable backup power for routers, modems, CCTV cameras, ONU devices, and other low-power networking equipment during electricity outages. Its compact design fits easily beside networking devices while maintaining reliable operation for home and office setups. This mini UPS supports multiple DC output options, making it suitable for different electronic devices that require continuous power. The built-in safety protections help prevent overheating, overload, overcharging, and short circuits, which improves long-term reliability and device safety. In addition, the lightweight body allows easy placement in small spaces without adding clutter to your setup. The unit delivers dependable backup support for internet connectivity during load shedding or sudden power interruptions. Users can connect routers and communication equipment directly to maintain stable online access for work, streaming, online classes, or security monitoring systems. Key operating features include efficient power conversion, portable dimensions, and compatibility with common DC-powered devices. The Prosonic GS-1018 also offers a practical solution for users who need uninterrupted networking performance without using a large traditional UPS system. Moreover, the compact battery backup system helps reduce downtime while protecting connected devices from sudden shutdowns. Its easy plug-and-play setup makes installation simple for both home and small business users. Specifications: 2000mAh backup battery capacity for networking devices Supports routers, CCTV cameras, modems, and ONU devices Multiple DC output options for wider compatibility Built-in overload, short circuit, and overcharge protection INPUT : 100-240Vac 50/60Hz OUTPUT : 5V/9V/12V/USB port/POE port
Eaton 5S UPS, 1500 VA, 900 W, Input: C14, Outputs: (4) C13, (4) C13 surge only, Tower General Topology Line-Interactive (AVR with Booster + Fader) Configuration Tower or under monitor Part Number 5S1500i Color Black Rating (VA/Watts) 1500/900 Dimensions (H x W x D, mm) 250 x 87 x 382 Weight (kg) 11.08 Electrical Input Connection (1) IEC-320-C14 Input Voltage Range 175V-275 V Nominal Voltage 230 V Operating Frequency 50-60 Hz autoselect Electrical Output Nominal Voltage 230 VAC Output voltage regulation 230 V +/- 10% Outlets (4) IEC-320-C13 (4) IEC-320-C13 surge only Communications Communication Ports HID-compliant USB port for automatic integration with most common operating systems (Windows Vista, 7 & 8, Linux, Mac OS X), cable supplied Environmental & Standards Audible Noise < 40 dB at 1 Meter Operating Temperature 0 to 40°C Safety markings IEC/EN 62040-1, IEC/EN 62040 -5 Markings CB Report, CE mark Data Line Protection Tel/Fax/Modem/Internet and Ethernet 2 Years Warranty manufacturer link
PCE CASA 1KVA inverter is a compact off-grid power solution designed for home and small office backup use. It helps keep essential devices running during power cuts, such as routers, lights, and small electronics. In addition, it provides pure sine wave output. Therefore, it delivers clean and stable power for sensitive devices. Moreover, it supports AC mains and generator input, which makes it flexible in different power conditions. Furthermore, PCE CASA 1KVA inverter includes smart battery charging control. As a result, it improves charging efficiency and helps extend battery life. It also supports automatic restart after power recovery, ensuring continuous operation. In addition, it includes built-in protection features. Therefore, it helps protect against overload, short circuit, and overheating. Moreover, it supports a cold start function for direct battery operation when no grid power is available. Overall, PCE CASA 1KVA inverter delivers reliable backup performance, stable output, and essential protection for everyday home and office energy needs. Specifications: 1KVA capacity for home and small office loads Pure sine wave output for stable device operation AC mains and generator input support Smart battery charging control for efficiency Built-in protection against overload and short circuit
Key Features Output Connections (1) IEC 60320 C19 Input Connections Schuko CEE 7 / EU1-16P Cord Length 8.2ft (2.5meters) Power Cord, C19 to CEE/7 Schuko, 2.5m Wide selection of Rack PDU power cords for a variety of IT equipment. Specifications : Output Overload Protection No Maximum Total Current Draw 16 Input Input frequency 50/60 Hz Acceptable Input Voltage 90 – 250VAC Number of Power Cords 1 Maximum Input Current 16A Maximum Line Current 16A Physical Net Weight 0.49lbs. (0.22KG) Shipping weight 0.66lbs. (0.3KG) Shipping Height 2.01inches (51MM, 5.1CM) Shipping Width 4.02inches (102MM, 10.2CM) Shipping Depth 7.99inches (203MM, 20.3CM) Color Black Environmental Operating Temperature 32 – 113 °F (0 – 45 °C) Operating Relative Humidity 0 – 95 % Operating Elevation 0 – 10000ft (0 – 3048meters) Storage Temperature -25 – 65 °C Storage Relative Humidity 0 – 95 % Storage Elevation 0 – 50000ft (0 – 15240meters) manufacturer link
INVO Online INH600 INVO Online UPS High Frequency 6000 VA, LCD Display Inbuilt Battery 16 x 12V/7Ah online ups system high frequency and high load management. Full Specifications : AC Input Bypass AC Output Battery Fault Screen LCD AC Input Bypass AC Output Battery Fault Screen LCD 6 KVA/4200W Half -Load 120 -300VAC, Full -Load 165V -300VAC 176V`~276VAC Frequency 45.5Hz ~ 54.5Hz Power Factor 0.95 Output Voltage 220/230/240V ± 3% Waveform True Sine wave Frequency 50/60Hz ± 0.5 Distortion <3%(linear Load); <5%(Non -linear Load) Crest Factor 3:1 Efficiency 85% Overload Capacity 110%-150%:Switch to Bypass after 1min; >150%:Shutdown afte r 200ms Short Circuit UPS output turn off and alarm Battery Model 12V Sealed Lead -Acid Voltage 36DC 96DC 240C Configuration Recharge 90% Capacity after 8 Hours charging RS232 ;SNMP (Optional) LCD & LED Utility, Inverter, Bypass, Battery, Load ,Battery Mode ,Frequency , UPS Fault Indicator Audible Alarm -Battery Discharge Utility Failure, Beep/4s;Battery Low, Beep/1s UPS Abnornmal Continuous Beep and Red Led On Noise <55db (1Meter) Temperature 0°C~40°C Humidity 10%~90% Optional 19 inch Rack -mount Dimension (W * D * H) mm 357 x 144 x 215 439x190x341 514X262X455 (Long Time Mode) 514x262x710 (Standard Model) Specifications: Specifications : AC Input Bypass AC Output Battery Fault Screen LCD AC Input Bypass AC Output Battery Fault Screen LCD 1 year warranty Manufacturer Link
FANTECH NS10 Lifting Laptop Stand Silver is a height and angle adjustable stand designed to improve comfort, posture, and airflow during laptop use. It is suitable for office work, study, and home setups. It allows flexible adjustment of height and viewing angle to match user preference. Therefore, it helps reduce neck and shoulder strain during long working hours. The sturdy aluminum-style frame provides stable support for laptops of different sizes. In addition, it keeps the device secure during typing and daily use. Its open design improves ventilation around the laptop. Moreover, this helps reduce heat buildup and supports better cooling performance. The lightweight and foldable structure makes it easy to carry and store. As a result, it offers a practical ergonomic solution for everyday use. Specifications: Max Weight Load : 10 KG Material : Steel Size : 259 x 225 x 43mm Weight : 1440 Compatibility : Laptops or Tablets up to 17 inches
FANTECH NS10 Lifting Laptop Stand is a compact and adjustable stand designed to improve comfort and ergonomics during laptop use. It is suitable for office work, study, and home setups. It features height and angle adjustment to help users find a comfortable viewing position. Therefore, it reduces neck and shoulder strain during long working hours. The sturdy frame provides stable support for laptops of different sizes. In addition, it keeps the device secure during typing and daily use. Its open design improves airflow around the laptop. Moreover, this helps reduce heat buildup and supports better cooling performance. The stand is lightweight and easy to adjust, making it practical for everyday use. As a result, it offers a simple and effective ergonomic solution for any workspace. Specifications: Max Weight Load : 10 KG Material : Steel Size : 259 x 225 x 43mm Weight : 1440 Compatibility : Laptops or Tablets up to 17 inches
FANTECH NS12 Laptop Stand is a portable and adjustable stand designed to improve comfort, posture, and laptop cooling. It is suitable for office work, study, and remote setups where ergonomic positioning is important. It offers 16 levels of height adjustment, allowing users to find the most comfortable viewing angle. Therefore, it helps reduce neck and shoulder strain during long hours of use. The stand is built with durable aluminum alloy for strong stability and long-term use. In addition, it supports laptops up to 15.6 inches securely. Its foldable design makes it easy to carry and store in a bag. Moreover, the included free pouch improves portability for travel and daily commuting. The open-frame structure enhances airflow around the laptop. As a result, it helps improve cooling performance during heavy use. Specifications: 16-level height adjustment system Durable aluminum alloy construction Supports laptops up to 15.6 inches Foldable portable lightweight design Free carrying pouch included
FANTECH NS11 Portable Aluminum Laptop Stand is designed to improve comfort, posture, and airflow while using a laptop. It is suitable for office work, study, and remote setups. It features an adjustable height and angle design that allows users to position their laptop at a more ergonomic viewing level. Therefore, it helps reduce neck and back strain during long working sessions. The stand is made from durable aluminum alloy for strong support and long-lasting use. In addition, it provides stable holding for laptops up to 15.6 inches. Its foldable and lightweight design makes it easy to carry and store. Moreover, the included free pouch adds convenience for travel and portability. The open structure improves ventilation and helps prevent laptop overheating. As a result, it offers a practical solution for comfortable and efficient laptop use. Specifications: Adjustable height and viewing angle Durable aluminum alloy construction Supports laptops up to 15.6 inches Foldable portable lightweight design Includes free carrying pouch
FANTECH NC21 Cooling Pad is designed to improve laptop cooling performance, comfort, and usability during long gaming or working sessions. It supports efficient airflow with a powerful dual-fan system for stable temperature control. It features large dual fans that deliver strong cooling performance across the laptop base. Therefore, it helps reduce overheating and maintain smoother system performance during heavy use. The stand includes 8 levels of height adjustment for better ergonomic positioning. In addition, it helps reduce neck and back strain by improving viewing angles. A built-in phone holder adds extra convenience for multitasking. Moreover, RGB lighting enhances the gaming setup with a stylish visual effect. Its sturdy design supports stable laptop placement while maintaining effective airflow. As a result, it combines cooling, comfort, and functionality in one setup solution. Specifications: Max Weight Load : 10 KG Material : Steel Size : 259 x 225 x 43mm Weight : 1440 Compatibility : Laptops or Tablets up to 17 inches
FANTECH NC30 Laptop Cooling Stand is designed to improve laptop cooling, comfort, and usability during long gaming or working sessions. It supports laptops up to 17.3 inches, making it suitable for both gaming laptops and professional setups. It features a detachable RGB fan that provides active cooling to reduce heat buildup. Therefore, it helps maintain stable performance during heavy workloads and extended use. The stand offers adjustable height and a 360° swivel design for flexible positioning. In addition, it improves ergonomic comfort by allowing users to find the best viewing angle. Its strong structure ensures stable support for large laptops. Moreover, the open design enhances airflow for better passive cooling efficiency. The RGB lighting adds a stylish gaming aesthetic to any setup. As a result, it combines performance, comfort, and visual appeal in one cooling solution. Specifications: Detachable RGB cooling fan Adjustable height ergonomic design 360° swivel rotation base Supports laptops up to 17.3 inches Enhanced airflow cooling structure
