Genuine-spec bilingual UK/Arabic layout keyboard replacement for MacBook Pro 13″ (Model A1708, 2016–2017)—featuring Apple’s second-generation Butterfly mechanism, backlighting, and OEM fit for seamless typing in both English and Arabic. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 13-inch with Touch Bar (2016 & 2017 models, A1708, Model Identifiers MacBookPro13,1 / MacBookPro14,1). Layout: Bilingual UK/Arabic—primary legends in Arabic, secondary (top-left) legends in UK English (QWERTY). Includes £ symbol, Arabic numerals (٠١٢٣…), and standard Arabic character set aligned with Apple’s regional configuration. Keyboard Type: Apple’s 2nd-generation Butterfly mechanism—thin profile with reduced key travel; requires careful handling and clean environment during installation. Integrated Features: Backlit keys (essential for low-light use—legends remain legible) Ambient light sensor support Original-style ribbon cable connector for direct logic board attachment Backlit keys (essential for low-light use—legends remain legible) Ambient light sensor support Original-style ribbon cable connector for direct logic board attachment Build & Fit: Precision-engineered to match Apple’s original dimensions, key alignment, and top-case curvature—ensures consistent actuation and aesthetic continuity. Installation Note: Keyboard is fully glued into the top case. Replacement requires complete disassembly, meticulous adhesive removal, and professional re-gluing. Recommended for certified or highly experienced technicians only.
SanDisk 2TB Portable SSD - Up to 800MB/s, USB-C, USB 3.2 Gen 2, Updated Firmware - External Solid State Drive - SDSSDE30-2T00-G26 SanDisk 2TB Portable SSD – Up to 800MB/s, USB-C, USB 3.2 Gen 2, Updated Firmware – External Solid State Drive – SDSSDE30-2T00-G26 About this item Solid state performance with up to 800MB/s read speeds in a portable drive. (Based on internal testing; performance may be lower depending on host device, interface, usage conditions and other factors. 1MB=1,000,000 bytes.) Back up your content and memories on a storage solution that fits seamlessly into your mobile lifestyle. Take it with you on your adventures—up to two-meter drop protection means this durable drive can take a beating. (Based on internal testing.) Secure it to your belt loop or backpack for extra peace of mind thanks to the tough rubber hook. From SanDisk, a brand professional photographers trust to take on assignments.
Arabic Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13'' (A1369/A1466, NO Touch ID) 2012 -2017 /MacBook Pro 13" 15'' 2013-2015 with or w/out Retina Display Ultra Thin Silicone Keyboard Protector (Black) Arabic Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13” (A1369/A1466, NO Touch ID) 2012 -2017 /MacBook Pro 13″ 15” 2013-2015 with or w/out Retina Display Ultra Thin Silicone Keyboard Protector (Black) About this item COMPATIBLE WITH: 2015 and before 2015 version Macbook: 1) MacBook Air 13″ (Models: A1369 and A1466); 2) MacBook Pro 13.3″ (Model: A1278); 3) MacBook Pro 13.3″ with Retina Display (Models: A1502 and A1425, 2013-2012 released); 4) MacBook Pro 15″ with Retina Display (Model: A1398, 2013-2012 released); 5) MacBook Pro 15.4″ Model: A1286 [√] MORE PROTECTION for KEYBOARD: waterproof, dust-proof and dirt-proof design can prevent liquid, dust, cigarette ash, biscuit crumbs falling onto your keyboard to affect your keyboard’s life. [√] ACCURATE KEYS: every key is specially molded, manufactured to the quality available. Flexible, this cover is easy to apply and remove for cleaning [√] SOFT & ULTRA SKIN: ultra thin silicone keyboard cover skin, made it easier for typing. Soft keyboard protector can weaken the sound in typing [XX] ATTENTION!!: NOT FIT FOR: 2020-2016 Released Macbook Pro 13 inch 15 inch with Touch Bar/2020-2018 Released: Macbook Air 13-Inch. You can find the model number on the bottom of the laptop
Genuine-spec touchpad flex cable for MacBook Pro 13″ (Model A1502, Mid 2014)—restores full trackpad functionality, including precise cursor control and physical click response. Essential for repairing unresponsive or erratic trackpad behavior. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 13-inch (Mid 2014, Model A1502, Model Identifier MacBookPro11,1) with Intel Core i5/i7 processors and Retina display. Part Type: Touchpad flex cable only — does not include the trackpad housing, button mechanism, or mounting hardware. This is the ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the logic board. Function: Transmits cursor movement and click signals (left/right physical clicks) Supports standard multi-touch gestures (two-finger scroll, tap-to-click, pinch-to-zoom) ⚠️ Note: This model uses a physical click mechanism—not Force Touch (no haptic feedback or pressure sensitivity). Transmits cursor movement and click signals (left/right physical clicks) Supports standard multi-touch gestures (two-finger scroll, tap-to-click, pinch-to-zoom) ⚠️ Note: This model uses a physical click mechanism—not Force Touch (no haptic feedback or pressure sensitivity). OEM-Quality Build: Matches Apple’s original in: Cable length and routing path Connector type and pin alignment Insulation and flexibility for long-term reliability Cable length and routing path Connector type and pin alignment Insulation and flexibility for long-term reliability Common Use Cases: Replacing a torn, frayed, or corroded original flex cable Fixing: Unresponsive or intermittent trackpad Cursor jumping or drifting Click function failure (left or right) Complete trackpad disconnect Replacing a torn, frayed, or corroded original flex cable Fixing: Unresponsive or intermittent trackpad Cursor jumping or drifting Click function failure (left or right) Complete trackpad disconnect Unresponsive or intermittent trackpad Cursor jumping or drifting Click function failure (left or right) Complete trackpad disconnect Installation Note: Requires bottom case removal and battery disconnect. Connects via a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket on the logic board—do not force. Cable routes under the battery; handle with care to avoid strain. Suitable for intermediate to advanced DIYers or technicians. Requires bottom case removal and battery disconnect. Connects via a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket on the logic board—do not force. Cable routes under the battery; handle with care to avoid strain. Suitable for intermediate to advanced DIYers or technicians.
Professional battery testing flex cable for MacBook Pro 15″ (Model A1990, 2018–2019)—used by technicians to bypass a faulty battery or diagnose power-on issues without permanent battery removal. Enables safe logic board testing and troubleshooting. This is not a replacement battery cable—it’s a diagnostic tool used in repair workflows. It mimics the battery’s presence by providing the necessary SMBus signal and power-enable lines to the logic board, allowing the MacBook to: Power on without a battery installed Test logic board functionality independently Diagnose whether a no-power issue is caused by the battery or logic board MacBook Pro 15″ (2018–2019) Model: A1990 Model Identifiers: MacBookPro15,2 Chip: Intel Core i7/i9 Model: A1990 Model Identifiers: MacBookPro15,2 Chip: Intel Core i7/i9 ⚠️ Not compatible with A1707 (2016–2017), A2159 (16″), or any M1/M2 models. Simulates battery presence via correct SMBus resistance and ID signals Includes power-enable circuitry matching Apple’s safety protocol Pre-terminated with OEM-style connector for A1990 logic board Allows safe bench testing of logic boards during repair Diagnosing “no power, no fan spin, no display” issues Verifying if a logic board powers on without risking a shorted battery Testing after liquid damage or DC-in board replacement Avoiding unnecessary battery replacements during diagnostics Not for permanent installation—intended for temporary diagnostic use only Does not charge or store power—requires connected USB-C power adapter to operate Must be used with a known-good power adapter (87W recommended) Not a consumer part—designed for professional repair shops and technicians
Specifications Input/Output USB Sound Mode Live Sound Mode, Standard Mode Category Speakers Use HOME Bluetooth Version 5.0 Input Power (W) <25 W Active Noise-Cancellation PASSIVE Wi-Fi Music Apple Music Voice Control No Frequency Range 100Hz-20kHz Output Power 35W Display Screen No Waterproof No Support APP Yes Support Memory Card Yes Material Plastic Playback Function MP3 Remote Control No Support Apt-x No Intelligent Personal Assistant None Display Screen No Built-in Microphone No Audio Crossover Full-Range Number of Loudspeaker Enclosure 1 Power Source Battery PMPO 25W Channels 2 (2.0) Feature Play Video, Wireless Subwoofer, Wireless Rear Speakers Battery Yes Communication AUX, USB, Bluetooth Speaker Type Portable Cabinet Material Plastic Brand Name SwYiSm Origin Mainland China Certification CE Function 1 Wireless Bluetooth Function 2 Originality Function 3 Vintage Kerosene Lamp Function 4 Decorative Lamp
CS03XL Battery for HP Elitebook 745 755 840 848 850 G3 G4, ZBook 15u G3 G4 Laptop, P/N: HSTNN-UB6S HSTNN-IB6Y 800231-141 800513-001 800231-1C1 CS03046XL About this item Battery type: Li-ion ‖ Capacity: 46Wh ‖ Voltage: 11.4V Replacement Battery for HP Elitebook 745 G4 G3, Elitebook 755 G4 G3, Elitebook 840 G4 G3, Elitebook 848 G4 G3, Elitebook 850 G4 G3, ZBook 15u G4 G3 Mobile Workstation. Compatible P/N: 800231-141, 800513-001, CS03XL, CS03, HSTNN-UB6S, HSTNN-IB6Y, HSTNN-I33C-4, HSTNN-I33C-5, HSTNN-I41C-4, HSTNN-I41C-5. Built-in circuit protection ensures both safety and stability. Overcharger and Discharger Circuit Protection.
The Arzopa A1 is an ultra-slim, lightweight 15.6-inch portable monitor engineered for seamless travel productivity and entertainment. Delivering crisp Full HD imagery on a premium IPS panel with integrated eye care features, it provides a hassle-free plug-and-play experience using dual full-function USB-C and Mini HDMI inputs. Complete with a built-in adjustable kickstand, it is the perfect dual-screen companion for laptops, smartphones, and gaming consoles. ✅ Full Specifications: Model: ARZOPA Type-C Portable Monitor (ARZOPA-A1) Interface / Connection: Multi-Port Input Panel: 2 x USB Type-C Full Function Ports (Supports concurrent video transmission, data, and power delivery) 1 x Mini HDMI Port (Video signal input only) 1 x 3.5mm Headphone / Audio Output Interface Interface / Connection: Multi-Port Input Panel: 2 x USB Type-C Full Function Ports (Supports concurrent video transmission, data, and power delivery) 1 x Mini HDMI Port (Video signal input only) 1 x 3.5mm Headphone / Audio Output Interface Performance / Screen Quality: Panel Type: IPS (In-Plane Switching) display with 178° wide viewing angles Resolution: Full HD 1920 x 1080p Refresh Rate: 60Hz Aspect Ratio: 16:9 Brightness: 300 cd/m² Contrast Ratio: 1200:1 Display Colors: 262K (8-bit) Color Gamut: 45% NTSC / 72% sRGB space coverage Performance / Screen Quality: Panel Type: IPS (In-Plane Switching) display with 178° wide viewing angles Resolution: Full HD 1920 x 1080p Refresh Rate: 60Hz Aspect Ratio: 16:9 Brightness: 300 cd/m² Contrast Ratio: 1200:1 Display Colors: 262K (8-bit) Color Gamut: 45% NTSC / 72% sRGB space coverage Display Technology: Features built-in HDR rendering technology to boost dynamic contrast alongside a Low Blue Light comfort filter to reduce eye fatigue. Audio: Dual built-in stereo speakers (1W x 2 configuration). Material & Build: Premium, durable metal housing constructed out of a sleek aluminum alloy framework. Design & Form Factor: Ultra-thin bezel layout boasting an integrated adjustable smart kickstand for multi-angle landscape deployment. Power Setup: Driverless plug-and-play architecture. Operates without an internal battery; runs on host device power distribution via USB-C or requires an external 5V/3A power input adapter. Compatibility: Fully compatible with MacBooks, Windows PCs/Laptops, Chromebooks, USB-C supported Android smartphones, and modern gaming consoles (Nintendo Switch, Xbox Series X/S, PS4, PS5). Dimensions: Approx. 355.6 x 220.9 x 9.14 mm (Ultra-slim 0.36-inch profile) Weight: Approx. 725 to 735 grams (1.6 lbs lightweight chassis)
A high-performance pre-owned Dell Precision 5540 mobile workstation with 15.6" 4K touchscreen, 9th Gen Core i7, 16GB RAM, 256GB SSD, and NVIDIA Quadro T2000 4GB—engineered for creative professionals, engineers, and designers who demand power and precision.
Genuine-spec touchpad flex cable for MacBook Air 13″ (Model A1534, Early 2015)—essential for restoring full trackpad functionality, including precise cursor control and physical click response, during repair or replacement. Compatible With: MacBook Air 13-inch (Early 2015, Model A1534, Model Identifier MacBookAir7,2). Part Type: Touchpad flex cable only—does not include the trackpad housing, button mechanism, or mounting brackets. This is the ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the logic board. Function: Carries input signals from the trackpad to the logic board—critical for cursor movement, tap-to-click, and primary/secondary physical click functionality. (Note: This model uses a physical click mechanism, not Force Touch—so no haptic feedback or pressure-sensing.) OEM-Quality Construction: Matches Apple’s original cable in length, connector type, and shielding—ensures reliable signal transmission and long-term durability. Common Use Cases: Replacing a torn, frayed, or damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing erratic cursor movement, unresponsive trackpad, or loss of click function Replacing a torn, frayed, or damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing erratic cursor movement, unresponsive trackpad, or loss of click function Installation Note: Requires bottom case removal and careful disconnect/reconnect of the ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) connector on the logic board. The cable routes under the battery—handle with care. Suitable for intermediate to advanced DIYers or technicians.
Product Name WiWU Dual USB Quick Wall Charger 20W Fast Charging For Smart PhoneColorWhiteFeature& Photos
Genuine-spec touchpad flex cable for MacBook Pro 16″ (Model A2485, 2021, M1 Pro/Max)—critical for restoring full Force Touch functionality, haptic feedback, and precise multi-touch gesture control during trackpad repairs. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 16-inch (2021, Model A2485) with Apple M1 Pro or M1 Max chip (Model Identifiers: MacBookPro18,1 / MacBookPro18,2). Part Type: Touchpad flex cable only—does not include the trackpad, Taptic Engine, or mounting hardware. This is the OEM-style ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the logic board. Function: Transmits touch coordinates, Force Touch pressure data, and haptic feedback signals—essential for macOS gestures (e.g., pinch-to-zoom, Force Click, three-finger lookup) and Taptic Engine operation. OEM-Quality Construction: Precisely replicated to Apple’s original specifications—including cable length, connector type, EMI shielding, and flex routing—ensuring signal integrity and long-term reliability. Common Use Cases: Replacing a torn, frayed, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, lost Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Replacing a torn, frayed, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, lost Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Installation Note: Requires full disassembly of the bottom case and careful routing around the battery and logic board. Connectors use ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) sockets—must be aligned and latched gently. Recommended for certified or professional repair technicians only.
Material: Plastic + Mesh fabric Bluetooth version/chipset: 5.4/ATS2853 Transmission Distance: 12M Working voltage: 18.5V Impedance: 4Ω Speaker power: Tweeter: 50W * 2 Subwoofer: 200W Battery (mAh):30000mAH/18.5V*6000;18650/2000mA*15; 3 in series and 5 in parallel Charging time: about 3 hours Calling: 20 hours Music playback: 12 hours Standby time: 6 months 1.5.4 wireless, fast, stable, and efficient connection, excellent sound quality 2 . Sound Card/Karaoke/wireless speaker, all in one, built-in DSP, multiple EQ settings, support internal monitoring/recording/live streaming function, 433/360° omnidirectional remote control (can work through walls) 3. Efficient speakers and power amplifier for loud sound and high-fidelity music playback 4,30000mAh power bank (18.5V*6000mAh; 18650/2000mA*15; 3 in series and 5 in parallel), colorful lights available in various modes, controllable flashing lights CTN GW: 18.5kg ± 0.2kg Carton size: 50.5 * 44.2 * 39cm
The Genius KM-100SE is a reliable wired keyboard and mouse combo featuring a full-size 104-key layout and USB plug-and-play connection. Ideal for office, business, and everyday home use, it delivers comfortable typing and smooth mouse control with stable performance. The Genius KM-100SE Keyboard & Mouse Combo is a practical and durable solution for users who need dependable performance for daily work. The full-size keyboard offers a comfortable typing experience with a standard layout that’s perfect for productivity, while the wired optical mouse ensures smooth and accurate cursor control. With USB plug-and-play setup, it works instantly with laptops and desktop PCs—no drivers needed. Full-Size 104-Key Keyboard for efficient and comfortable typing Wired USB Connection for stable, lag-free performance Plug & Play Setup – no software or drivers required Comfortable Key Spacing ideal for long office sessions Wired Optical Mouse Included for smooth and accurate tracking Durable Design suitable for daily professional use Ideal for Office & Home – work, study, and general computing Perfect for business offices, schools, home users, and laptop/desktop setups needing a simple, reliable wired keyboard and mouse set. Compatible with most computers supporting USB.
Genuine-spec keyboard replacement for MacBook Pro 13″ (Model A2289, 2020) — available in US QWERTY or UK QWERTY (with £ symbol). Features Apple’s scissor-switch Magic Keyboard, backlighting, and OEM-fit design for reliable performance and seamless installation. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 13-inch (2020, Four Thunderbolt Ports, Model A2289, Model Identifier MacBookPro16,2) with Intel Core i5/i7 processors. Layout Options (select at purchase): US Layout: Standard QWERTY with wide Enter key, @ above 2, and # above 3. UK Layout: QWERTY with £ symbol, tall vertical Enter key, @ on right Alt, and UK-specific punctuation. US Layout: Standard QWERTY with wide Enter key, @ above 2, and # above 3. UK Layout: QWERTY with £ symbol, tall vertical Enter key, @ on right Alt, and UK-specific punctuation. Keyboard Type: Apple’s Magic Keyboard with scissor-switch mechanism—quieter, more stable, and more durable than earlier Butterfly designs. Integrated Features: Full backlighting for low-light use Ambient light sensor compatibility OEM-style flex cable pre-attached for direct logic board connection Full backlighting for low-light use Ambient light sensor compatibility OEM-style flex cable pre-attached for direct logic board connection Build & Fit: Engineered to exact Apple specifications—ensures perfect alignment, consistent key height, and flush integration into the original top case. Installation Note: Keyboard is glued into the top case and requires full disassembly, careful adhesive removal, and professional re-adhesion. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only.
Genuine-spec battery flex cable for MacBook Pro models A2159 (16", 2019), A1708 (13", 2016–2017), and A2338 (13", 2020 M1)—restores critical communication between the battery and logic board for proper power-on, charging, and macOS battery status. Genuine-spec battery flex cable for MacBook Pro models A2159 (16″, 2019), A1708 (13″, 2016–2017), and A2338 (13″, 2020 M1)—restores critical communication between the battery and logic board for proper power-on, charging, and macOS battery status. Carries SMBus (System Management Bus) signals from the battery to the logic board Enables: Accurate battery percentage and health reporting in macOS Proper charging control (start/stop, thermal throttling) Power-on capability (MacBooks will not boot without this connection) Prevention of “Battery Not Charging” or “Service Battery” errors Accurate battery percentage and health reporting in macOS Proper charging control (start/stop, thermal throttling) Power-on capability (MacBooks will not boot without this connection) Prevention of “Battery Not Charging” or “Service Battery” errors MacBook won’t turn on (even with a good battery) Battery shows “–%”, 0%, or “Not Charging” Random shutdowns under load macOS displays “No Battery Available” Logic board powers fans or lights but no display output Battery flex cable only (with OEM-style connector and strain relief) ❌ Does not include: battery, logic board, or trackpad Requires full bottom case removal and battery disconnection Connects via a ZIF or press-fit socket on the logic board Must be routed precisely to avoid tension or micro-tears Highly recommended for experienced or certified technicians—improper installation can cause permanent power or battery communication failure
Replacement DC in Power Jack Connector I/O USB-C Board Charging Port Compatible with MacBook Pro 13" 15" 16" Model A1989 A1990 A2141 A2159 A2251 A2289 A2338 Mid 2018-2020 Replacement DC in Power Jack Connector I/O USB-C Board Charging Port Compatible with MacBook Pro 13″ 15″ 16″ Model A1989 A1990 A2141 A2159 A2251 A2289 A2338 Mid 2018-2020 About this item If your USB-C ports aren’t functioning properly, replacing this board is a good place to start. These are also referred to as Thunderbolt 3 ports. Please double-check the pictures and model numbers to see if they fit your laptop to avoid buying mistakes. Package: 1PCS Type-C/USB-C DC Power Jack I/O Board. We are committed to providing a better shopping experience for our customers, if you have any questions, you can always contact us.
Kingston NV3 1TB NVMe SSD — ultra-fast PCIe 4.0 storage in a compact M.2 form.• Read up to 6,000 MB/s • Write up to 4,000 MB/s • 320 TBW enduranceForm Factor: M.2 2280 | Interface: PCIe 4.0 x4 | Warranty: 5-year limitedSKU: SNV3S/1000G Full Details: The Kingston NV3 PCIe 4.0 NVMe M.2 1TB SSD gives you ultra-fast performance and reliable storage for laptops and desktops. Built with PCIe 4.0 technology, it delivers read speeds up to 6,000 MB/s and write speeds up to 4,000 MB/s, making it perfect for gaming, content creation, or simply speeding up your system. PCIe 4.0 × 4 NVMe interface for lightning-fast speed Compact M.2 2280 design for easy installation Up to 6,000 MB/s read and 4,000 MB/s write speeds 1TB capacity for games, media, and apps Low power use and heat for better efficiency Works with most modern desktops and laptops that support M.2 NVMe (PCIe) drives. Backward compatible with PCIe 3.0 systems (at lower speeds). Kingston NV3 1TB M.2 NVMe SSD Quick start/warranty guide
Original MacBook Pro 13″ (A2338) Display Assembly in Silver, including LCD, Retina panel, backlight, camera, Wi-Fi antennas, hinges, and aluminum lid. Compatible with M1 MacBook Pro 13″ (2020). Ideal for replacing cracked, damaged, or faulty screens. ✔️ Complete Display Assembly: Includes LCD, digitizer, housing, hinges, webcam, and antenna modules. ✔️ Retina Resolution: 2560 × 1600 native resolution with True Tone support. ✔️ Genuine Fit for A2338: Designed specifically for the MacBook Pro 13″ (A2338) – M1 2020 model. ✔️ Accurate Color & Brightness: 500 nits brightness, P3 wide color gamut, and high contrast. ✔️ Silver Aluminum Finish: OEM-grade aluminum lid matching the original color and texture. ✔️ Plug-and-Play Replacement: No programming required — direct connector compatibility. ✔️ Ideal for Repair: Suitable for replacing damaged, flickering, bleeding, or cracked screens.
Premium-grade trackpad replacement for MacBook Air 13″ M1 (Model A2338, 2020)—available in Silver and Space Gray—engineered to OEM specifications for flawless Force Touch response, smooth gesture control, and seamless aesthetic integration. Compatible With: MacBook Air 13-inch (2020, Model A2338) with Apple M1 chip. Part Type: Trackpad only—does not include the flex cable, Taptic Engine, or mounting brackets. Designed for professional technicians who will reuse original internal components. Finish Options: Silver: Matches Silver and Starlight MacBook Air finishes. Space Gray: Matches Space Gray and Midnight models for perfect color continuity. Silver: Matches Silver and Starlight MacBook Air finishes. Space Gray: Matches Space Gray and Midnight models for perfect color continuity. Force Touch Capable: Fully supports pressure-sensitive input and haptic feedback when paired with the original Taptic Engine and logic board—no loss of functionality. Precision Craftsmanship: Mirror-polished glass surface with exact curvature, texture, and click mechanism matching Apple’s original design for consistent performance and feel. Installation Requirements: Requires full bottom case disassembly and careful transfer of the original flex cable and Taptic Engine. Adhesive must be applied precisely to maintain structural integrity and sensor alignment. For professional use only.
