HP TONER 35A BLACK CB435A/CB436A/CE278A/CE285A
The HP Color LaserJet Pro 3203dw is a powerful printer that delivers exceptional color prints with precision. Whether you’re printing documents, graphics, or photos, this printer ensures every page is vivid and professional. Firstly designed for efficiency, the HP Color LaserJet Pro offers fast printing speeds of up to 35 pages per minute. This means you can quickly complete large print jobs without waiting around. Furthermore with wireless connectivity, the HP Color LaserJet Pro allows you to print from anywhere in your office or home. Simply connect via Wi-Fi, and you can print from your smartphone, tablet, or computer with ease. HP Color LaserJet Pro is equipped with advanced security features to protect your sensitive data. It includes secure boot, firmware integrity, and runtime code integrity to safeguard your information from unauthorized access. This printer supports automatic two-sided printing, saving you time and reducing paper waste. It’s an eco-friendly feature that helps you manage resources more effectively. The HP Color LaserJet Pro is designed for ease of use, with a simple control panel that allows for intuitive operation. You can easily navigate settings, check ink levels, and manage print jobs with just a few clicks. In conclusion, the HP Color LaserJet Pro 3203dw offers high-quality color printing, fast performance, and robust security features. Upgrade to the HP Color LaserJet Pro today for a reliable and efficient printing solution. Specifications: Function : Print Print speed: Print speed up to 25 ppm (black) and 25 ppm (color) Print quality black (best): Up to 600 x 600 dpi
Get productive MFP performance at an affordable price. Print, scan, and copy, produce high-quality results, and print and scan from your phone.1 This printer is intended to work only with cartridges that have a new or reused HP chip, and it uses dynamic security measures to block cartridges using a non-HP chip. Periodic firmware updates will maintain the effectiveness of these measures and block cartridges that previously worked. A reused HP chip enables the use of reused, remanufactured, and refilled cartridges. More at: http://www.hp.com/learn/ds Features Legendary quality at an affordable price This surprisingly small laser delivers exceptional quality, page after page. Produce sharp text, bold blacks, and crisp graphics. Rely on a high-performance laser MFP at an affordable price. Designed to fit your space You can fit this MFP almost anywhere – it’s that small and compact. Get print speeds up to 20 ppm.2 Get quick and easy printing directly at the control panel. Get versatile performance and print, scan, and copy. Easy mobile printing and scanning with HP Smart app Get simple setup, and print and scan from your phone, with the HP Smart app.1,3 Easily print from a variety of smartphones and tablets.4,3 Easily share resources – access and print with wireless networking.5 Connect your smartphone or tablet directly to your printer – easily print without accessing a network.6,3 manufacturer link
The Canon PIXMA TR4640 Printer is a compact and powerful printer for both home and small office use. It offers print, scan, copy, and fax functions in one easy-to-use machine. You can print documents or photos quickly and efficiently with great quality. Thanks to its wireless connection, the Canon PIXMA TR4640 Printer works with smartphones, tablets, and laptops. It supports Wi-Fi and USB, giving you more ways to print. With the Canon PRINT app, you can print and scan directly from your mobile device. This all-in-one printer is designed to save space while offering full functionality. Its auto document feeder makes scanning and copying easy. You can load multiple pages and let the printer do the rest. The Canon PIXMA TR4640 Printer uses FINE cartridges for sharp text and vibrant colors. Whether printing homework or photos, the results look clear and professional. It also supports automatic two-sided printing, which helps save paper and reduce waste. This feature is great for eco-conscious users and busy offices alike. Setting up the Canon PIXMA TR4640 Printer is fast and simple. The easy-to-follow steps make installation stress-free, even for beginners. This printer supports multiple paper sizes and types, making it versatile for all printing needs. From A4 documents to glossy photo paper, it handles everything smoothly. Overall, the Canon PIXMA TR4640 Printer is an affordable and reliable choice for everyday printing. Its smart features and compact design make it a great option. Specifications: Resolution : Up to 4800 x 1200 dpi Print Technology : 2 FINE Cartridges (BK, CL) Mono Print Speed : Approx. 8.8 ipm Color Print Speed : Approx. 4.4 ipm3 Ink Cartridges : PG-445, PG445XL, CL-446, CL-446XL
Epson Expression-12000XL “Epson Expression 12000XL, Scanners, A3, 2,400 dpi x 4,800 dpi (Horizontal x Vertical), 3.8 Dmax, Input: 16 Bits Color / 16 Bits Monochrome, Output: 48 Bits Color / 48 Bits Monochrome, USB 2.0 Type B, Epson Scan, SilverFast Ai 8 (with IT8 calibration). Compatible with Mac OS 10.5.8 or later, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Vista, Windows XP. In The box : Driver and utilities (CD), Main unit, Power cable, Setup guide, Software (CD), USB cable, Warranty document, 12 months.”
Canon High Speed Document Scanners DR-F120 High speed Document Scanner with automatic document feeder and flatbed unit. 20ppm duplex scanning and 50 sheet ADF. Stylish, Compact and high class design, multiple file formats (PDF, TIFF, JPEG, BMP, PNG and PowerPoint and MultiStream scanning, daily volume of up to 800 scans.
Firstly, in the landscape of office printers, the Canon ImageRunner C3326i emerges as a frontrunner. Laden with advanced features, this multifunction printer becomes the cornerstone for elevating office efficiency through high-quality printing, seamless scanning, and enhanced document management. To delve into its key features, the ImageRunner C3326i excels in delivering top-tier printing quality. Designed for sharp and vibrant prints, it ensures professional output, positioning itself as an ideal choice for offices that prioritize exceptional document quality. Furthermore, the multifunctional prowess of the Canon ImageRunner C3326i is complemented by its sleek and user-friendly design. Beyond augmenting your office’s printing capabilities, it streamlines scanning and document management, making it a reliable and efficient asset. In addition to its functionality, the C3326i offers user-friendly controls and versatile document handling. Consequently, it guarantees a hassle-free and adaptable office experience, allowing you to manage tasks seamlessly. Moreover, Canon’s commitment to user satisfaction is manifest in the ImageRunner C3326i’s durable build and compatibility with various office setups. It stands as a reliable choice for upgrading your office printer without compromising on performance. To sum up, the Canon ImageRunner C3326i is not just a printer; it’s a catalyst for redefining office printing. By amalgamating top-tier quality, user-friendly design, and versatile functionality, it paves the way for a seamless, productive workflow! Specifications Copy/Print Speed: 26 ppm A4/A3 Print/ Copy/ Scan Writing: 1200 x 1200 dpi 2*550 sheets paper capacity Duplex Built in. Media Weight up to 300 gsm Network/USB Scan to e-mail, to SMB, to E-mail Scan to mobile, Scan to Cloud TWAIN/ WIA Pull Scanning Mobile + WIFI Integration 1 year warranty
Original product name: Canon Laser – 4 in 1 MF734Cdw Print/Copy/Scan/ FAX, + Hand Set, 27 PPM mono/color,12.7 cm LCD Colour Touch Screen, 1200 X 1200 print Quality Automatic duplex printing, duplex ADF 50 PAGE, colour touch screen, Scan to email, network folder, Scan to network, scan & print to/from USB memory Key Canon Laser – 4 in 1 MF734Cdw Print/Copy/Scan/ FAX, + Hand Set, 27 PPM mono/color,12.7 cm LCD Colour Touch Screen, 1200 X 1200 print Quality Automatic duplex printing, duplex ADF 50 PAGE, colour touch screen, Scan to email, network folder, Scan to network, scan & print to/from USB memory Key, Duty cycle 50,000 pages per month,1GB memory, Network, Wi-Fi, Apple AirPrint™, NFC and Google Cloud Print. Cartridge 046Bk,C/M/Y, 046H Bk, C/M/Y. INK
Epson L1800 ITS printer Compatible Toners : T6731 : Black T6732 : Cyan T6733 : Magenta T6734 : Yellow T6735 : Light Cyan T6736 : Light Magenta A compact six-colour A3+ printer for cost-conscious homes and offices, the L1800 prints a 10x15cm photo in around 45 seconds. Its high-capacity ink tank system allows it to print 1,500 10x15cm photos without a refill. With minimal intervention, it delivers cost-effective and hassle-free printing of photos and colour documents for homes, photographers and offices wanting to print in high volumes. Ultra-low-cost printing Deliver ultra-low cost per page thanks to the EcoTank’s innovative cartridge-free filling system with easy-to-use bottles. The L1800 allows you to print up to 1,500 (10×15) high-quality photos with the included ink bottles2. Increase productivity Say hello to EcoTank’s integrated ink tank, and leave the hassle of cartridges behind you. Using the 70ml ink bottles included with purchase, you’ll be able to print up to 1,500 quality 10x15cm photos before needing to refill2. And when it’s finally time to refill, there’s no mess thanks to drip-free nozzles and intuitive ink top-up technology. Quality results Enjoy next generation print quality and reliability with a Micro Piezo printhead, standard with all EcoTank printers. And what’s more, a promotional three-year warranty is included3. Join 50m customers worldwide Since Epson started making EcoTanks in 2010, over 50m EcoTanks have been sold worldwide4, making Epson the no. 1 ink tank printer in the world5. 7 out of 10 ink tank printers sold in the Middle East and Africa are Epson5. Key Features Ultra-low-cost Purpose-built, refillable ink tank Photo printing 6-colour A3+ printer Compact design Small footprint ideal for home use Peace of mind Covered by Epson’s warranty User-friendly Hassle-free with simple set-up Full Specifications : Printing Method Epson Micro Piezo™ print head Nozzle Configuration 90 Nozzles Black, 90 Nozzles per Color Minimum Droplet Size 1.5 pl, With Variable-Sized Droplet Technology Ink Technology Dye Ink Printing Resolution 5,760 x 1,440 DPI Category Home, Photo Specifications: Specifications : -Inkjet Printer, Consumer/Plain -A3+ -6 Ink Cartridges -CYlMKlCM, 5,760 x 1,440 dpi -15 Pages/min Monochrome (plain paper) -45 Seconds per 10 x 15 cm photo (Epson Premium Glossy Photo Paper) -15 Pages/min Color (plain paper) -100 Sheets Standard -30 Photo Sheets, Memory Cards, USB, Mac OS 10.5+, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Vista, Windows XP -6 x 70ml individual ink bottles (Bk,C,Y,M,Lc,LM), Driver and utilities (CD), Main unit, Power cable 1 Year Warranty manufacturer link
The HP SMART TANK 585 3-IN-1 Wi-Fi printer delivers reliable printing, scanning, and copying in one easy-to-use device. It is designed for home offices, students, and small businesses who want low-cost printing with smart features. First, this all-in-one printer uses HP Thermal Inkjet technology with a refillable Smart Tank system for low ongoing ink cost. As a result, you get high-yield prints with fewer refills. In addition, the HP SMART TANK 585 3-IN-1 Wi-Fi supports built-in Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) and Wi-Fi Direct for wireless printing. Therefore, you can print from phones, tablets, and laptops easily. This model includes print, copy, and scan functions in one unit to save space and time. That means you can handle everyday documents and photos with a single machine. Moreover, it offers borderless printing up to 8.5″ × 11″, so photos and graphics look more professional without white edges. This works well for photo projects and presentations. The printer supports mobile printing through HP Smart app, Apple AirPrint, Mopria Print Service, and Wi-Fi Direct. Thus, you can send print jobs directly from your phone or tablet. The HP SMART TANK 585 3-IN-1 Wi-Fi delivers sharp print quality with up to 1200 × 1200 dpi for black and up to 4800 × 1200 dpi optimized for color. So, text and images feel crisp and clear. This model includes manual duplex printing support and a simple 1.2″ icon LCD display for guided controls. Therefore, setup and use are more intuitive. Because it has a 100-sheet input tray, you can load enough paper for everyday tasks. It also works with many paper types like plain paper, glossy photo papers, and envelopes. In conclusion, the HP SMART TANK 585 3-IN-1 Wi-Fi printer combines multifunction use, wireless convenience, and low ink cost for modern printing needs. Overall, it is a strong choice for reliable and affordable printing, copying, and scanning at home or in small offices. Specifications: Functions: Print, Copy, Scan. Connectivity: Wi-Fi, USB, Apple AirPrint, and HP Smart App. Ink System: Cartridge-free, refillable ink tanks with spill-free design, offering high page yields (up to 6,000 color/18,000 black pages included). Print Quality: Dark, crisp text and vibrant color graphics.
New, High Speed “All-in-the-Box Thermal USB Receipt Printers All set-up accessories in box Max. Print Speed : TSP100GT: 250mm/sec. TSP113U (Tear Bar):125mm/sec Resolution : 203 dpi No. of Columns : 48 / 64 col. Depending on Paper Width Autocutter : Tear Bar and Partial (Guillotine) Autocutter Models Paper Width : 80mm (58mm Using Paper Guide) Paper Thickness : 0.065 – 0.085mm Paper Roll Standard Option : 83mm Media Presentation : User Selectable Paper Delivery Options with Mounting Bracket included Print Width : 50.8mm (58mm Paper) 72mm (80mm Paper) Sensors : Paper End, Cover Open Interface : USB 2.0 Full Speed with Cable Supplied and “Virtual’’ Serial Port Emulator. 3rd Party WiFi / Bluetooth Options Unique Ethernet Print on Disconnection Feature : X Power Supply : Internal with Power Cable included Power Consumption : 1.6 Amps Printing 0.1 Amps Standby Energy Star : Energy Star Certified Internal Power Supply with Power Cable included Reliability : 60 Million Lines 1 Million Cuts Dimensions (W x D x H) mm Weight : 142 x 204 x 132 1.56kg – 1.76kg Options : • T100/650 Splash Proof Cover • VS-T650/100 Display Stand for Vertical Use • WebPRNT Tablet Software Bridge download option from the App Store & Google Play 1 Year Warranty manufacturer link
Label Printer Epson ColorWorks C7500 C31CD84012
The Brother MFC-L5755DW multi-function printer is designed for offices that need fast, reliable, and professional printing. It prints up to 40 pages per minute, helping teams handle high-volume workloads efficiently. Moreover, its compact design saves space while fitting seamlessly into office environments. This all-in-one printer supports printing, scanning, copying, and faxing in a single device. Additionally, wireless connectivity allows users to print directly from laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Its intuitive control panel makes operation simple for all staff members, reducing errors and saving time. The MFC-L5755DW is ideal for offices that require efficiency and versatility. Furthermore, its durable build ensures consistent performance over long-term use. Therefore, it is an excellent choice for businesses seeking a reliable, high-speed, and flexible multi-function printer. manufacturer link Specifications: Print speed: up to 40 PPM (pages per minute) Functions: Print, Scan, Copy, Fax Connectivity: Wireless Type: Mono Laser Printer Multi-function capability: 4-in-1
The Brother MFC‑T4500DW All-in-One Ink Tank Refill System Printer combines printing, scanning, copying, and faxing in one versatile device. Designed for home, office, and small business use, it delivers sharp black-and-white and vibrant color prints while keeping ink costs low thanks to its refillable ink tank system. Moreover, its high-capacity tanks reduce the frequency of refills, saving time and money for busy users. This printer offers fast, reliable output and supports duplex (double-sided) printing to help reduce paper usage. Its scan and copy functions enable efficient document management, while the fax feature adds convenience for offices that need reliable communication tools. The visible ink tanks make it easy to monitor ink levels, avoiding unexpected interruptions. The MFC‑T4500DW also supports wireless and mobile printing from smartphones, tablets, and computers, providing flexible and convenient operation. Furthermore, its compact design fits neatly in small workspaces, making it perfect for students, professionals, and small offices. Finally, this all-in-one printer combines cost-efficiency, versatility, and high-quality output for everyday printing needs. Specifications: High-capacity refillable ink tanks for reduced downtime Duplex (double-sided) printing for efficiency Clear scanning and copying functions Convenient fax capabilities Compact design suitable for home and office
The HP LaserJet Pro MFP M179fnw is a versatile all‑in‑one solution for home and small office printing needs. First, it delivers fast, high‑quality laser prints with crisp text and sharp graphics on A4 paper. The built‑in scanner and copier functions let you digitize and duplicate documents quickly and efficiently. In addition, the M179fnw supports wireless connectivity, so you can print and scan from laptops, smartphones, and tablets without cables. Its intuitive touchscreen control panel makes navigation and setup easy for users of all skill levels. Moreover, automatic double‑sided printing helps save paper and reduces waste. The robust security features protect sensitive documents and device access. Finally, compact design and reliable performance make daily tasks smoother, whether you’re printing reports, photos, or forms. With the HP LaserJet Pro MFP M179fnw, you get dependable printing, scanning, copying, and wireless convenience in one efficient device. Specifications: Fast A4 laser printing with crisp text and sharp graphics Built‑in scanner and copier for versatile document tasks Wireless printing and scanning from laptops and mobile devices Intuitive touchscreen control panel for easy navigation Automatic duplex printing and robust security features
Specifications : Sku 1VV22AA Yield 4000 Page Yield (Black And White) ~4,000 pages Cartridges Capacity Standard Capacity Cartridges Cartridge Color Black Technology Ink Color(S) Of Printing Supplies Black Ink Types Pigment-based Supply Type Cartridges Shelf Life 18 months Product Sub Type Standard Capacity Ink Cartridges Dimensions Without Stand (W X D X H) 47 x 47 x 150 mm Package Dimensions (W X D X H) 47 x 47 x 150 mm Minimum Dimensions (W X D X H) 1.85 x 1.85 x 5.91 in Package Dimensions (W X D X H) 1.85 x 1.85 x 5.91 in Operating Temperature Range 15 to 30°C Non-Operating Humidity Range 20 to 80% RH Operating Humidity Range 20 to 80% RH Storage Temperature Range -40 to 60°C Country Of Origin Made in Malaysia Hardware Compatibility HP Smart Tank 510 series, HP Smart Tank Plus 550 series, HP Smart Tank Plus 610 series Weight 0.12 kg Package Weight 0.13 kg Package Weight 0.29 lb Print Technology HP Thermal Inkjet Colour Black manufacturer link
Compact, affordable all-in-one inkjet printer for home and small office use—print, scan, and copy in color with easy wireless setup, mobile printing, and HP’s efficient ink system.
HP 652 Tri-Color Original Ink Cartridge F6V24AE Compatible Printers : HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 1115 Printer(F5S21C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 2135 All-in-One Printer(F5S29C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 3635 All-in-One Printer(F5S44C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 3775 All-in-One Printer(T8W42C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 3785 All-in-One Printer(T8W46C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 3787 All-in-One Printer(T8W48C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 3790 All-in-One Printer(T8W47C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 3835 All-in-One Printer(F5R96C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4535 All-in-One Printer(F0V64C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 4675 All-in-One Printer(F1H97C) HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 5275 All-in-One Printer(M2U76C) manufacturer link
HP OfficeJet 8013 All-in-One Printer (1KR70B) is a compact inkjet multifunction printer designed for home and office productivity. It combines printing, copying, and scanning in one device. HP OfficeJet 8013 All-in-One Printer supports daily document tasks with simple wireless operation. In addition, it delivers print speeds up to 18 pages per minute in black and up to 10 pages per minute in color. It also provides fast first-page output to reduce waiting time. Moreover, it supports automatic duplex printing for efficient two-sided documents. Furthermore, it includes a 35-sheet automatic document feeder for multi-page scanning and copying. It supports Wi-Fi connectivity along with Wi-Fi Direct for direct wireless printing. It also works with mobile printing through Apple AirPrint, Mopria, and HP Smart features. Finally, it uses HP Thermal Inkjet technology and supports up to 1200 x 1200 dpi black print resolution. It is designed for a monthly duty cycle of up to 20,000 pages for consistent office workloads. HP OfficeJet 8013 All-in-One Printer is a reliable choice for everyday business printing needs. Specifications: Print, copy, scan multifunction system Up to 18 ppm black and 10 ppm color ISO speed Automatic two-sided (duplex) printing support 35-sheet automatic document feeder (ADF) Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi Direct, AirPrint, Mopria, HP Smart support
Color(s) of print cartridges Black Page yield (black and white) ~280 pages Page yield footnote Tested in HP Deskjet 5550 Color Inkjet Printer. Approximate average based on ISO/IEC 24711 or HP testing methodology and continuous printing. Actual yield varies considerably based on content of printed pages and other factors. For details see http://www.hp.com/go/learnaboutsupplies. Ink drop 17 pl Compatible ink types Pigment-based Compatible Printers HP Officejet 4215 (Q5601A#ABA) ; HP Deskjet 3747 Color Inkjet (C9113A#724) ; HP Deskjet 3520 color inkjet (C8994C#A2L) ; HP Deskjet 3550 color inkjet (C8991C#A2L) ; HP Deskjet 3650 color inkjet (C8974C#A2L) ; HP Officejet 4315 (Q8081A#ABA) ; HP Deskjet 3320 (C8946C#A2L) ; HP Deskjet 5650 Color Inkjet (C6490A#A2L) ; HP Officejet 6110 (Q1638A#ABA) ; HP PSC 1311 (Q5768A#ABA) ; HP PSC 1315 (Q5765A#ABA) ; HP Deskjet 3420 Color Inkjet (C8947C#A2L) Operating temperature range 59 to 95°F Storage temperature range 59 to 95° F Operating humidity range 5 to 95% RH Storage humidity 5 to 95% RH Recycled content in cartridge 55% Package dimensions (W x D x H) 4.49 x 1.43 x 4.05 in Package weight 0.13 lb Warranty HP’s inkjet print cartridges, ink cartridges and printheads are warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship during the period of the warranty. What’s in the box Ink cartridge manufacturer link
HP MFP Color Laser / A4 Format T6B82A Color LJ Pro MFP M281fdw 4in1, Print, scan, copy, Speed 21ppm Black/Color, Print Res 600dpi, scan Res 1200dpi, 800MHz processor, 256MB Memory, Flatbed, ADF, Wireless, Network, E-Print, Airprint, USB2.0, Duty Cycle 40,000 pages
NCTS USB Barcode Scanner – High-speed wired scanner for both 1D and 2D barcodes with auto-sensing mode.Plug-and-play solution ideal for retail, inventory, and logistics operations. Model: NCTS 1D/2D Barcode Scanner (USB Wired) Color: Black Scan Type: Image-based CMOS scanner Supported Barcode Types: 1D: Code 128, Code 39, EAN-13, UPC-A, Codabar, ISBN, etc. 2D: QR Code, PDF417, Data Matrix, Aztec, etc. Supported Barcode Types: 1D: Code 128, Code 39, EAN-13, UPC-A, Codabar, ISBN, etc. 2D: QR Code, PDF417, Data Matrix, Aztec, etc. Interface: USB 2.0 (Plug-and-play, no driver required) Scan Speed: Up to 300 scans/second Resolution: ≥ 4mil (0.1mm) Scan Modes: Manual trigger Auto-sensing Continuous mode Scan Modes: Manual trigger Auto-sensing Continuous mode Light Source: White LED illumination + red aiming line Indicators: LED and buzzer for scan confirmation Power Supply: DC 5V (via USB port) Cable Length: ~1.5 meters Build: ABS plastic, ergonomic handheld design Compatibility: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android Applications: POS, inventory, logistics, healthcare, warehouse use
Barcode Reader Wireless 2D S20W Wireless 2D Barcode Scanner | S20-W Name: Wireless 2D Barcode Scanner Model: S20-W Interface: USB Color: Black
A versatile wireless 2D barcode scanner with desk stand—Beurotika BS104WS supports auto-scan, continuous, and manual modes, with up to 200 scans per second and a 2000mAh rechargeable battery for all-day use. The Beurotika BS104WS is a high-performance wireless 2.4GHz 2D barcode scanner designed for retail, warehouse, logistics, and office environments. It comes with a convenient desktop stand for hands-free operation and features a 32-bit high-speed processor for fast, accurate decoding of 1D and 2D barcodes—including QR Code, Data Matrix, PDF417, and more Three scanning modes: Auto-scan, continuous scan, and manual trigger—ideal for different workflow needs Scanning speed: Up to 200 scans per second for rapid data capture Wireless range: Reliable 2.4GHz connection (via USB dongle) for cord-free mobility Built-in battery: 3.7V 2000mAh lithium-ion battery offering up to 16 hours of continuous use Ergonomic handheld design with desk stand for flexible countertop or portable use Plug-and-play setup via USB receiver—no drivers required for most systems
