DELL 90W Big/Moti Pin 7.4MM X 5.0MM Laptop Charger for Dell Inspiron N5010 19.5V 4.62A Laptop Adapter with Power Cord Cable,Black
Get premium ThinkPad reliability at an incredible value with this pre-owned E14 Gen 3. Powered by the efficient AMD Ryzen 5 5500U 6-core processor, 16GB RAM, and a 512GB SSD, it delivers the perfect balance of performance and portability for students and professionals alike.
Mouschi Field Computer Mouse Pad, Non-Slip Rubber Base and Textured Stitched Edge Mousepads, Mouse Pad Pack for Office and Home Mouschi Field Computer Mouse Pad, Non-Slip Rubber Base and Textured Stitched Edge Mousepads, Mouse Pad Pack for Office and Home Brand: Mouschi Size: Small – 290 X 240 X 3mm Medium – 360 X 300 X 3mm Large – 450 X 400 X 4 mm X-Large – 900 X 420 X 4 mm Color: Black Recommended uses for product: Gaming Material: fabric Mouschi Field Mouse Pad Micro-Weave Fabric: Creates a dense surface for a faster and smoother glide for your mouse. Durable Stitched Anti-Fray Edges: 360° of stitching guards against surface peeling. Staying Power: An anti-skid textured rubber base keeps the mouse pad securely in place even during the most intense gaming sessions. Brand: Mouschi Size: Small – 290 X 240 X 3mm Medium – 360 X 300 X 3mm Large – 450 X 400 X 4 mm X-Large – 900 X 420 X 4 mm Color: Black Recommended uses for product: Gaming Material: fabric
MARSRIVA Smart Mini DC UPS KP2 Series | 18 Watts 10000mAh | 0ms AC to DC Transfer | Flame Retardant | Wall Mount Slots | 1 x Passive PoE, 2 x DC and 1 x USB Output Ports | KP2 BLACK Keep Wi-Fi Power On Output:18W (Max.) or 30W (Max.) ● With 1 * Passive PoE, 2 * DC and 1 * USB output ports, DC UPS can power up multiple devices simultaneously. ● AC to DC 0ms transfer technology keeps your devices working when electricity is ON/OFF shifting. ● With wall-mount slots on the back, DC UPS can be mounted on the wall easily. ● Air cooling system provides maximum heat dissipation, ensuring the long-term stability of UPS. ● V-0 flame retardant product housing secures you and your property. ● 16000mAh high-capacity battery (KP2 Plus, KP2 Ultra) provides longer backup time. ● 30W high-power output (KP2 Pro, KP2 Ultra) provides better compatibility.
The MSI Creator PS321QR Monitor delivers professional visuals with a 32-inch IPS panel and WQHD resolution. It is designed for creators and multitasking workflows. Moreover, it features a 165Hz refresh rate and 1ms response time for smooth motion. This ensures fluid visuals during editing and fast content playback. The monitor supports wide color coverage with 99% Adobe RGB and 95% DCI-P3. It also comes factory calibrated for high color accuracy. It includes VESA DisplayHDR 600 for improved brightness and contrast. This enhances details in both bright and dark scenes. You also get multiple connectivity options such as HDMI, DisplayPort, and USB Type-C. Ergonomic adjustments support tilt and height for better comfort. The MSI Creator PS321QR Monitor is ideal for users who need accurate colors, smooth performance, and professional display quality. Specifications: 32″ WQHD (2560×1440) IPS panel with wide viewing angles 165Hz refresh rate with 1ms response time 99% Adobe RGB and 95% DCI-P3 color coverage VESA DisplayHDR 600 for improved contrast and brightness HDMI, DisplayPort, and USB Type-C connectivity
TT03XL Laptop Battery Compatible with Hp EliteBook 850 G5 850 G6 ZBook 15U G5 15U G6 Series Notebook 932824-2C1 933322-855 932824-421 HSTNN-LB8H HSTNN-DB8K 11.55V 56Wh 4610mAh About this item 【Battery type】Li-ion. Voltage: 11.55V. Capacity: 56Wh 4610mAh. 【Replacement For Laptop】Hp EliteBook 850 G5 G6, ZBook 15U G5 G6 Series . 【Compatible Part Number】TT03XL 932824-2C1 933322-855 932824-421 HSTNN-LB8H HSTNN-DB8K TTO3XL. 【Connector】Before placing your order, Please refer to the picture and check it. Because the products produced by different factories will have differences in size, cable length, interface, etc. 【Use Skills】If the new battery is not recognized during the initial installation, please reinstall and check if the interface is fully connected. Discharge the new battery to 5% (not 0%), then charge and cycle 3-4 times to wake up the new battery.
A1417 Battery Only for (Mid 2012 & Early 2013) A1398 MacBook Pro - Replacement Battery for A1398 MacBook Pro 15-inch Retina (Mid 2012, Early 2013 Version) - EMC 2512 or 2673 A1417 Battery Only for (Mid 2012 & Early 2013) A1398 MacBook Pro – Replacement Battery for A1398 MacBook Pro 15-inch Retina (Mid 2012, Early 2013 Version) – EMC 2512 or 2673 [11.26V/99Wh] A1417 A1398 Battery — Health:100%+, Voltage: 11.26V, Capacity: 99Wh(Please confirm the release year before purchase the battery) Suit for 15 inch A1398 MacBook Pro Battery Retina Mid 2012 Early 2013 (EMC 2512 or 2673) >[See more details on the Product Description] Brand new battery-> Directly warranty from Manufacturer, perform as good as the original battery. A1398 Macbook Pro 15 inch battery replacement come with adapted screwdriver. Multi-command chip control-> Contain with Durable A cells,Multi-command chip control makes the battery supply power stably.
Are you in need of a reliable monitor for your daily tasks? Look no further than the ViewSonic 24″ 60Hz monitor. With its sleek design and impressive features, it’s the perfect companion for work, gaming, and entertainment. First and foremost, let’s talk about the display quality. This monitor boasts a 24-inch screen size, providing ample space for multitasking without compromising clarity. Whether you’re editing documents, watching videos, or playing games, every detail is crisp and clear. Furthermore, with a refresh rate of 60Hz, you’ll experience smooth and fluid motion in fast-paced scenes. Say goodbye to motion blur and enjoy seamless gameplay, smooth scrolling, and lag-free video playback. In addition, the ViewSonic monitor offers versatile connectivity options. With HDMI and VGA inputs, you can easily connect to your PC, laptop, gaming console, or other devices. Switch between tasks effortlessly and enjoy hassle-free setup. Moreover, ergonomic design features ensure comfortable viewing for extended periods. Adjustable tilt allows you to find the perfect angle for your workspace, reducing eye strain and fatigue. Enhance your productivity and comfort with this user-friendly monitor. In conclusion, the ViewSonic 24″ 60Hz monitor combines superior display quality, smooth performance, and versatile connectivity in a sleek and ergonomic design. Whether you’re working, gaming, or watching movies, elevate your viewing experience with ViewSonic. Specifications: Display : 24″ IPS Resolution : 1920×1080 FHD Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Rate : 5ms
The ViewSonic VX2479-HD-PRO is a 24-inch monitor designed to deliver stunning visuals and smooth performance for gaming, work, or entertainment. Whether you’re streaming videos, editing documents, or playing your favorite games, this monitor ensures vibrant colors and sharp details. Featuring a Full HD resolution of 1920×1080 pixels, the ViewSonic VX2479 provides crystal-clear image quality. You can enjoy a high-definition viewing experience that brings your movies, games, and content to life. This monitor comes equipped with an IPS panel, which offers wide viewing angles and consistent color reproduction. Whether you’re looking at the screen from the side or straight on, the picture quality remains bright and accurate. The ViewSonic VX2479-HD-PRO also supports a 75Hz refresh rate, ensuring smooth and fluid visuals. This makes it ideal for fast-paced gaming and action-packed scenes, reducing motion blur and providing a more enjoyable experience. With multiple connectivity options, including HDMI and DisplayPort, the ViewSonic VX2479 offers easy connections to your PC, gaming console, or other devices. Switching between work and play is quick and hassle-free. Designed with a sleek, frameless design, this monitor adds a modern touch to any workspace or gaming setup. It is lightweight and easy to set up, making it perfect for both home and office use. In conclusion, the ViewSonic VX2479-HD-PRO offers a stunning blend of sharp visuals, vibrant colors, and smooth performance. Upgrade your setup with this versatile monitor and experience high-quality viewing for work and play. Specifications: Resolution : FHD Display : 24″ IPS Refresh Rate : 180Hz Response Time : 1ms
OEM-quality left and right loudspeaker replacement pair for MacBook Pro 15″ (Models A1707 – 2016/2017 and A1990 – 2018/2019)—restores rich, balanced stereo sound with precision acoustic tuning and seamless fit. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 15″ (2016) – Model A1707 (MacBookPro13,2) MacBook Pro 15″ (2017) – Model A1707 (MacBookPro14,2) MacBook Pro 15″ (2018) – Model A1990 (MacBookPro15,2) MacBook Pro 15″ (2019) – Model A1990 (MacBookPro15,2) (Note: Apple used the same speaker assembly across all four years of the 15″ Touch Bar MacBook Pro.) MacBook Pro 15″ (2016) – Model A1707 (MacBookPro13,2) MacBook Pro 15″ (2017) – Model A1707 (MacBookPro14,2) MacBook Pro 15″ (2018) – Model A1990 (MacBookPro15,2) MacBook Pro 15″ (2019) – Model A1990 (MacBookPro15,2) (Note: Apple used the same speaker assembly across all four years of the 15″ Touch Bar MacBook Pro.) Includes: Complete left and right speaker units with pre-attached flex cables and mounting brackets—ready for direct installation. Audio Performance: Engineered to match Apple’s original high-fidelity stereo system—delivers deep bass, clear mids, and crisp highs with wide soundstage and distortion-free playback. OEM Build Quality: Precision-molded housings, correct grille patterns, and exact cable routing ensure secure fit, no rattling, and full compatibility with macOS audio calibration. Common Use Cases: Replaces speakers damaged by liquid spills, physical impact, or wear (e.g., muffled sound, no audio from one side, crackling, or complete failure). Installation Note: Requires full display and logic board access. Speakers are secured with adhesive and screws in tight compartments. Recommended for certified or experienced technicians only. Important: This speaker pair is exclusive to 15″ Touch Bar MacBook Pro models (A1707/A1990). Not compatible with 13″ models (A1708/A1989), 16″ MacBook Pro (A2141), or non-Touch Bar MacBooks. This speaker pair is exclusive to 15″ Touch Bar MacBook Pro models (A1707/A1990). Not compatible with 13″ models (A1708/A1989), 16″ MacBook Pro (A2141), or non-Touch Bar MacBooks. Model Verification: Confirm your device via > About This Mac > Model Identifier (e.g., MacBookPro13,2 or MacBookPro15,2).
REMAX RM-C45 Mena Aroma Diffuser Portable Humidifier, Mini Diffuser for Car Home Office Bedroom with Smart Connectivity, Remote Control, Long-Lasting Fragrance and Mesmerizing Starlight Effect, Black About this item Dual Purpose Design: Perfectly suited for both car and home use, this aroma diffuser enhances any space with delightful fragrances, whether you’re on the road or relaxing at home. Starlight Effect: Create a mesmerizing ambiance with the starlight effect, projecting a soothing light pattern that complements your favorite scents for a relaxing experience. Smart Connectivity: Enjoy modern convenience with smart connectivity features that allow you to control the diffuser remotely, ensuring ease of use and customization from anywhere. Long-Lasting Fragrance: Formulated for extended scent release, this diffuser ensures that your environment remains fresh and inviting for hours on end, without the need for constant refills. User-Friendly Remote Control: The included remote control makes it easy to adjust settings and change fragrances without needing to reach the diffuser directly, providing ultimate convenience. Customizable Aromatherapy: Choose from a variety of essential oils or fragrances to create your desired atmosphere, whether you seek relaxation, invigoration, or a fresh ambiance. Compact and Stylish Design: The sleek and modern design fits seamlessly into any decor, enhancing your car’s interior or your home’s aesthetic without taking up too much space. Perfect Gift Idea: A thoughtful gift for friends or family who appreciate home fragrance and wellness, making it a great addition to any special occasion or celebration.
Genuine-spec touchpad flex cable for MacBook Pro 13″ (Model A2251, 2020, Intel)—essential for restoring full Force Touch functionality, haptic feedback, and precise multi-touch gesture control during trackpad repair or replacement. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 13-inch (2020, Two Thunderbolt Ports, Model A2251, Model Identifier MacBookPro16,1) with Intel Core i5/i7 processors. Part Type: Touchpad flex cable only—does not include the trackpad housing, Taptic Engine, or mounting hardware. This is the OEM-style ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the logic board. Function: Transmits: Precise touch coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support including Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, and inertial scrolling. Precise touch coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support including Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, and inertial scrolling. OEM-Quality Build: Matches Apple’s original specifications in: Cable length and routing Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Cable length and routing Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Common Use Cases: Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, loss of Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, loss of Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Installation Note: Requires full bottom case removal and partial disassembly (including battery disconnect). Cable routes under the right speaker and logic board—must be seated in original retention channels. Connects via ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—align carefully and latch gently. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only. Requires full bottom case removal and partial disassembly (including battery disconnect). Cable routes under the right speaker and logic board—must be seated in original retention channels. Connects via ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—align carefully and latch gently. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only.
BenQ PD3205U 32” 4K UHD IPS Monitor | 3840×2160 | 3 Years Warranty is a professional 32-inch display designed for productivity, creative work, and Mac/PC users who need accurate colors and a large workspace. It uses a 31.5-inch IPS panel with 4K UHD resolution (3840×2160). Therefore, it delivers sharp text, clear images, and high pixel density for multitasking and design work. In addition, it supports 99% sRGB and 99% Rec.709 color coverage for consistent and accurate color output. Moreover, it includes HDR10 support with up to 350 nits peak brightness. As a result, it improves contrast in supported HDR content while maintaining stable SDR performance. In addition, the monitor uses a 1000:1 contrast ratio for balanced image depth. The PD3205U features a 60Hz refresh rate and 5ms response time. Therefore, it focuses on productivity rather than competitive gaming. In addition, the IPS panel provides wide 178° viewing angles for consistent visuals from different positions. Connectivity includes USB-C with up to 90W power delivery. As a result, it can charge a laptop while sending video, data, and audio through a single cable. In addition, it supports HDMI 2.0, DisplayPort 1.4, USB-A, USB-B, and a built-in KVM switch for multi-device control. Furthermore, it includes Eye-Care technologies such as Flicker-Free and Low Blue Light modes. Therefore, it helps reduce eye strain during long work sessions. In addition, the ergonomic stand supports height, tilt, swivel, and pivot adjustments for better comfort. Finally, the BenQ PD3205U delivers a large 4K workspace, accurate color performance, and full USB-C docking functionality for professional and Mac-based workflows. Specifications: Display: 32-inch IPS panel with 3840×2160 4K UHD resolution Color: 99% sRGB and 99% Rec.709 coverage Brightness: 250 nits typical, up to 350 nits HDR peak Connectivity: USB-C 90W, HDMI 2.0, DP 1.4, USB hub, KVM switch Ergonomics: Height, tilt, swivel, pivot adjustable stand with Eye-Care features
Transparent 2.5" USB 3.0 HDD/SSD Enclosure – Supports SATA drives up to 6TB with UASP and tool-free design.Fast, plug-and-play storage case using JMS578 chipset with crystal-clear ABS shell. Transparent 2.5″ USB 3.0 HDD/SSD Enclosure – Supports SATA drives up to 6TB with UASP and tool-free design.Fast, plug-and-play storage case using JMS578 chipset with crystal-clear ABS shell. Model: 2.5″ HDD/SSD Enclosure with JMS578 Chipset Material: Transparent ABS Plastic (durable and lightweight) Interface: USB 3.0 (backward compatible with USB 2.0 & 1.1) Chipset: JMS578 (JMicron) – supports UASP for faster data transfer Drive Compatibility: 2.5″ SATA I/II/III HDD or SSD Supports up to 6TB capacity Fits 7mm or 9.5mm thick drives Drive Compatibility: 2.5″ SATA I/II/III HDD or SSD Supports up to 6TB capacity Fits 7mm or 9.5mm thick drives Data Transfer Rate: Up to 5Gbps via USB 3.0 UASP support enables up to 20% faster transfers (with UASP-enabled OS) Data Transfer Rate: Up to 5Gbps via USB 3.0 UASP support enables up to 20% faster transfers (with UASP-enabled OS) Tool-Free Design: No screws needed – easy slide-in installation Hot Swappable: Plug and play, no drivers needed for most systems LED Indicator: Blue light for power and activity status Operating Systems: Windows 7/8/10/11, macOS, Linux Dimensions: Approx. 125 x 80 x 14 mm Cable Included: USB 3.0 cable (typically 30–50 cm)
The Samsung 65″ The Frame LS03F 4K QLED Art Mode Smart TV QA65LS03FAUXTW uses a 65-inch LCD panel with 3840 × 2160 4K resolution. It is designed for both regular TV viewing and wall-mounted display use with an art display mode. The panel uses Quantum Dot (QLED layer) technology to improve color output. As a result, it produces more accurate and wider color reproduction compared to standard LCD panels. In addition, it supports 4K upscaling for lower-resolution content. The TV supports HDR formats for compatible content. This increases contrast between bright and dark areas and improves visible detail. Also, motion processing reduces blur during fast-moving scenes such as sports and action content. Samsung equips this model with Tizen OS. Therefore, users access streaming apps, SmartThings integration, and smart features through a unified interface. It also supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for wireless device connections. Connectivity includes HDMI ports, USB ports, Ethernet LAN, and optical audio output. It supports external devices such as gaming consoles and sound systems. This model includes Art Mode, which displays images or artwork when the TV is not in active use. Specifications: 65-inch 4K UHD LCD panel (3840 × 2160 resolution) Quantum Dot (QLED layer) color enhancement 4K upscaling for lower-resolution content HDR support for compatible content Tizen OS with HDMI, USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet connectivity
AOC 24G2SPe IPS 165Hz The AOC 24G2SPe monitor elevates your gaming experience, offering immersive gameplay and superior visual performance. Equipped with advanced technology, it’s designed to meet the needs of gamers. Featuring a high refresh rate and quick response time, the 24G2SPe ensures smooth and tear-free gaming sessions, allowing you to stay ahead in the competition. The Full HD display with vivid colors and sharp details enhances your gaming visuals, making it the ideal choice for gamers seeking a competitive edge. The sleek and modern design of the AOC 24G2SPe blends seamlessly with your gaming setup, reflecting your commitment to excellence. Gamers and esports enthusiasts rely on this monitor to elevate their gaming performance, making it an essential component of their gaming rig. In summary, the monitor elevates your gaming with immersive experiences and superior visual performance. Don’t miss out on this gaming monitor that can enhance your gaming performance. Choose AOC 24G2SPe! IPS AdaptiveSync 165Hz 1ms 1920 × 1080 (FHD) HDMI
PCE M8-700 UPS (line-interactive) — 700 VA / 360 W backup unit for 220–240 V input. Protects PCs, routers, small electronics from outages and voltage swings. The PCE M8-700 is a line-interactive UPS designed for home or small office use. It provides backup power, voltage regulation (AVR), surge protection, and supports automatic switching during outages. Ideal for desktop PCs, network gear, monitors, or point-of-sale systems. Features & Capabilities Line-interactive topology: regulates input voltage without switching to battery when voltage fluctuates mildly. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) to correct undervolt/overvolt conditions. Simulated (stepped) sine wave output in battery mode. Surge, overload, short circuit, discharge protections built in. Cold start capability (ability to power on from battery with no mains) LED + audible alarms for status (battery mode, overload, fault) USB / RS232 interface in some variants for power management (shutdown, monitoring) Technical Specifications What “Input 220–240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3.7 A” Means (and Caveats) If the specification you’re giving is “3.7 A” at input, that corresponds to a maximum input current draw when the UPS is handling a heavy load or during charging cycles. At 230 V × 3.7 A ≈ 850 W of input capacity. The unit’s 360 W output means there’s overhead for losses, inverter inefficiency, battery charging, etc. The UPS must operate within the stated voltage and frequency ranges — if input is too low or too high, it may switch to battery or go into protection mode.
The MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor is designed for professionals seeking smooth performance and high efficiency. It delivers a crisp Full HD display for sharp visuals and clear text. With a 100Hz refresh rate, this business monitor provides fluid motion and reduces screen tearing. Scrolling through documents and web pages feels smoother, improving your workflow. The fast response time ensures minimal motion blur for a better viewing experience. The MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor features a sleek and modern design. Its ultra-slim bezels maximize screen space, making it ideal for multi-monitor setups. The stand is sturdy and adjustable, ensuring comfortable viewing angles. This business monitor comes with anti-flicker and low blue light technology. It reduces eye strain, making it perfect for long working hours. The comfortable viewing experience enhances focus and productivity. Connectivity options include HDMI and DisplayPort, allowing easy connection to various devices. Whether using a laptop, desktop, or docking station, this MSI business monitor ensures seamless compatibility. The MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor offers vibrant colors and excellent contrast. The IPS panel provides wide viewing angles, ensuring clear visuals from any position. With energy-efficient performance, this business monitor consumes less power without compromising quality. It is an eco-friendly choice for offices and home workspaces. For professionals needing a reliable display, the MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor is a great choice. It offers smooth visuals, eye-care features, and a stylish design to enhance productivity. Specifications: Display : 24.5″ IPS Resolution : 1920×1080 FHD Refresh Rate : 100Hz Response Rate : 1ms Speaker : 3W x2
DELL 7.6V 68Wh/8500mAh 4-Cell GJKNX Laptop Battery Compatible with Dell Latitude E5480 E5580 E5490 E5491 E5590 E5591 Precision 15 3520 M3530 Series Notebook 93FTF GD1JP DY9NT 5YHR4 451-BBZG About this item Dell Authentic OEM Parts. Item Model: GJKNX, Battery Type: Li-Polymer, Voltage: 7.6V, Capacity: 68Wh, Cell: 4 cell. Before purchasing, please open the back cover of the laptop to confirm the battery model and shape. Compatible Battery P/N: 68Wh GJKNX GD1JP 0GD1JP DY9NT 0DY9NT 5YHR4 451-BBZG FPT1C KCM82 MT31P. Compatible Laptop Models: for Dell Latitude 5280 5288 5290 5480 5488 5490 5580 5590 5495 5491 5591 5590 E5480 E5580 E5490 E5590 P72G001 P72G002 P72G003 P60F001 series, For Dell Precision 15 3520 3530 Series ( Only work with type 68Wh battery)
The MSI Optix G27C7 Gaming Monitor delivers immersive visuals with a 27″ curved display and Full HD resolution. The 1500R curve enhances comfort and viewing experience. Moreover, it features a 165Hz refresh rate for smooth and responsive gameplay. A 1ms response time helps reduce motion blur in fast scenes. The VA panel provides high contrast and deep blacks. It also offers wide 178° viewing angles for consistent image quality. Adaptive Sync with FreeSync Premium reduces screen tearing and stuttering. This ensures smoother gameplay performance. Additional features include Night Vision for better detail in dark areas. Anti-flicker and low blue light help reduce eye strain. The MSI Optix G27C7 Gaming Monitor is a solid choice for users who want curved immersion and smooth performance. Specifications: 27″ Full HD VA curved panel with 1500R curvature 165Hz refresh rate for smooth gaming performance 1ms response time for reduced motion blur AMD FreeSync Premium for tear-free gameplay Wide viewing angles with high contrast ratio
