The BYL-2207 2-in-1 LAN adapter provides fast and stable wired internet through a Gigabit Ethernet port using either USB-C or USB 3.0. Perfect for laptops, MacBooks, and PCs without an Ethernet port, it ensures smooth streaming, online meetings, and reliable network performance. The BYL-2207 2-in-1 Type-C / USB 3.0 to Gigabit LAN Adapter is designed for users who need a reliable wired connection on modern laptops and devices. It supports both USB-C and USB 3.0, making it compatible with a wide range of systems including MacBooks, ultrabooks, and desktops. With Gigabit Ethernet speed, it provides faster and more stable internet compared to Wi-Fi, making it ideal for work, gaming, and streaming. 2-in-1 Connector (USB-C + USB 3.0) for wide compatibility Gigabit Ethernet Port (RJ45) for fast and stable wired internet High-Speed Performance supports up to 1000Mbps network speed Plug & Play installation on most systems Compact & Portable Design easy to carry anywhere Ideal for Work & Streaming improves stability for meetings and downloads Reliable Connection reduces lag compared to Wi-Fi Ideal for MacBooks, laptops, ultrabooks, desktops, and tablets that need a stable wired internet connection. Perfect for online meetings, remote work, gaming, IPTV, streaming, and downloading.
A versatile wireless 2D barcode scanner with desk stand—Beurotika BS104WS supports auto-scan, continuous, and manual modes, with up to 200 scans per second and a 2000mAh rechargeable battery for all-day use. The Beurotika BS104WS is a high-performance wireless 2.4GHz 2D barcode scanner designed for retail, warehouse, logistics, and office environments. It comes with a convenient desktop stand for hands-free operation and features a 32-bit high-speed processor for fast, accurate decoding of 1D and 2D barcodes—including QR Code, Data Matrix, PDF417, and more Three scanning modes: Auto-scan, continuous scan, and manual trigger—ideal for different workflow needs Scanning speed: Up to 200 scans per second for rapid data capture Wireless range: Reliable 2.4GHz connection (via USB dongle) for cord-free mobility Built-in battery: 3.7V 2000mAh lithium-ion battery offering up to 16 hours of continuous use Ergonomic handheld design with desk stand for flexible countertop or portable use Plug-and-play setup via USB receiver—no drivers required for most systems
L12M4E01 L12L4A02 Battery for Lenovo G50 G50-70 G50-45 Z710 G400s S510p G510s G500s G40-70 G50-30,IdeaPad Z50,IdeaPad S510p Touch,IdeaPad G505s,IdeaPad S410p About this item This battery type: Li-ion; Voltage: 14.8V Capacity: 2600MAH; Cells: 4-cell;color: Black; 100% Brand New.Fit P/N L12L4A02, L12L4E01, L12M4A02, L12M4E01, L12S4A02, L12S4E01 Compatible Models: Relacement battery for lenovo G400s G40-30 G40-45 G405s G40-70 G40-70M G410s G50 G500s G50-30 G50-45 G505s G505s G50-70 G50-70A G50-70M G50-75 G50-80 G510s G510s S410p S410p S435 S510p S510p Z40 Z40-70 Z40-75 Z50 Z50-70 Z70 Z70-70 Z70-80 Z710 Compatible P/N: Lenovo battery L12L4A02 L12L4E01 L12M4A02 L12M4E01 L12S4A02 L12S4E01 121500171 121500172 121500173 121500174 121500175 121500176 90202869 All FTYTEN products are 100% Brand New; Grade A Li-ion battery cells ensure fast charges; Rigorous quality control; Overcharger and Discharger Circuit Protection, CE-/FCC-/RoHS-Certified for safety.
The 85W MagSafe 2 Power Adapter features a magnetic DC connector so if someone should trip over it, the cord disconnects harmlessly and your MacBook Pro stays put safely. It also helps prevent fraying or weakening of the cables over time. In addition, the magnetic DC helps guide the plug into the system for a quick and secure connection. The 85W MagSafe 2 Power Adapter features a magnetic DC connector so if someone should trip over it, the cord disconnects harmlessly and your MacBook Pro stays put safely. It also helps prevent fraying or weakening of the cables over time. In addition, the magnetic DC helps guide the plug into the system for a quick and secure connection. When the connection is secure, an LED located at the head of the DC connector lights up; an amber light lets you know that your notebook is charging, while a green light tells you that you have a full charge. An AC cord is provided with the adapter for maximum cord length, while the AC wall adapter (also provided) gives you an even easier and more compact way to travel. Designed to be the perfect traveling companion, the adapter has a clever design which allows the DC cable to be wound neatly around itself for easy cable storage. Compatible with MacBook Pro with 13-inch Retina display. See this article for more details about choosing the right one. Knowing which specific Mac model you have is important. If you are running OS X Lion (10.7) or later go to the “” menu at the top left of your screen, choose “About this Mac” then click the “More Info…” button. Your Mac model and generation will be displayed. If you are running an earlier version of OS X, you can enter your serial number here to find out which model you have. COMPATIBILITY Mac Models: MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2012 – 2015)
Lexar NM620 1TB SSD, M.2 2280 PCIe Gen3x4 NVMe 1.4 Internal SSD, Up to 3500MB/s Read, 3000MB/s Write, 3D NAND Flash Internal Solid State Drive for PC Enthusiasts and Gamers (LNM620X001T-RNNNG) About this item High-speed PCIe Gen3x4 interface: Lexar 1TB SSD up to 3500MB/s read and 3000MB/s write – NVMe 1.4 is supported. Lexar Internal SSD M.2 2280 form factor with 3D NAND Lexar Solid state drive maintains 6x the speed of a SATA-based SSD. Lexar SSD is ideal for PC enthusiasts and gamers. Lexar Internal solid state drive is shock and vibration-resistant without moving parts.
Compatible With: MacBook Pro 15.4-inch (Mid 2012, Model A1398, Model Identifier MacBookPro10,1) — the first Retina MacBook Pro. Includes: Complete left and right speaker units with pre-attached connector cables and mounting brackets, ready for direct installation. Audio Performance: Engineered to match Apple’s original acoustic design—delivers clear mid-range, balanced stereo separation, and consistent volume levels across system audio, video calls, and media playback. OEM Build Quality: Precision-molded housing, original grille pattern, and correct wiring length ensure seamless integration into the MacBook’s chassis without rattling or interference. Common Use Cases: Replaces speakers damaged by liquid spills, physical impact, or aging (e.g., crackling, no sound, or distorted audio). Installation Note: Requires full bottom case and logic board access. Speakers are secured with screws and adhesive tape. Recommended for experienced technicians due to tight internal layout and delicate connectors.
FAVOURITE WIRELESS COMBO MK270 Wireless Combo brings together the convenience and comfort of a full-sized keyboard with a sculpted, compact mouse. With media keys, a number pad and precise cursor control to make your work a whole lot smoother. Plus, the lag-free wireless makes setup easy and saves space on your desk. No wonder this is the world best selling combo!7Based on independent sales data (in units) including all the models of the MK270 family for wireless combo aggregated from major global markets including Canada, China, France, Germany, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, UK, US (Nov'19 - Nov'20 period). Retail channel only. FAVOURITE WIRELESS COMBO MK270 Wireless Combo brings together the convenience and comfort of a full-sized keyboard with a sculpted, compact mouse. With media keys, a number pad and precise cursor control to make your work a whole lot smoother. Plus, the lag-free wireless makes setup easy and saves space on your desk. No wonder this is the world best selling combo!7Based on independent sales data (in units) including all the models of the MK270 family for wireless combo aggregated from major global markets including Canada, China, France, Germany, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, UK, US (Nov’19 – Nov’20 period). Retail channel only. Height: 5.87 in (149 mm) Width: 17.36 in (441 mm) Depth: 0.71 in (18 mm) Weight: 17.57 oz (498 g) Height: 3.90 in (99 mm) Width: 2.36 in (60 mm) Depth: 1.54 in (39 mm) Weight: 2.65 oz (75.2 g) Height: 0.74 in (18.7 mm) Width: 0.57 in (14.4 mm) Depth: 0.26 in (6.6 mm) Weight: 0.07 oz (2 g) Spill-resistant design 2Tested under limited conditions (maximum of 60 ml liquid spillage). Do not immerse the keyboard in liquid. Adjustable keyboard height 10-Key Number pad Key type: deep profile Caps lock indicator light On/Off power switch 2 AAA batteries（Alkaline Battery） Battery life: 36 months 3Keyboard battery life calculation based on an estimated two million keystrokes/year in an office environment. User experience may vary. Mouse battery life may vary based on user and computing conditions. Sensor technology: Smooth Optical tracking Number of buttons: 3 (Left/Right-click, Middle click) Scrolling: line-by-line Scroll Wheel: Yes, 2D, optical Connect/Power: On/Off power button 1 AA battery（Alkaline Battery) Battery life: 12 months 4Keyboard battery life calculation based on an estimated two million keystrokes/year in an office environment. User experience may vary. Mouse battery life may vary based on user and computing conditions. Mouse plastics: 49% post-consumer recycled material 5Excludes plastic in printed wiring assembly (PWA), receiver and packaging. Keyboard plastics: 54% post-consumer recycled material 6Excludes plastic in printed wiring assembly (PWA), receiver and packaging. An available USB port ChromeOS Windows 10,11 or later
The Meetion C235 is an economical wired keyboard and mouse combo featuring a full-size 104-key layout and reliable USB connectivity. Designed for business and office use, it offers comfortable typing, smooth mouse control, and plug-and-play compatibility with laptops and desktops. The Meetion C235 Keyboard & Mouse Combo is a practical and cost-effective solution for everyday office and business needs. With a full-size 104-key keyboard, it provides a familiar and comfortable typing experience, making it perfect for work, study, and daily computer use. The included wired mouse ensures precise and smooth control, while the USB plug-and-play setup makes installation quick and effortless on both laptops and desktop PCs. Full-Size 104-Key Keyboard for comfortable and efficient typing Wired USB Connection for stable, lag-free performance Plug & Play – no drivers required Comfortable Key Layout ideal for office and business work Smooth Wired Mouse Included for accurate control Durable Design suitable for long working hours Compatible with Laptop & Desktop PCs Economical Combo Set perfect for home or office setups Ideal for business offices, schools, home setups, and laptop users who need a reliable keyboard and mouse combo for productivity. Works with most computers and laptops supporting USB.
REMAX RT-E601 1200MAH TIME II SERIES EYE-CARING LED LAMP Function— Use the power key to turn on/ off the lamp. Tap the power key to adjust the brightness of the lamp (brightest-normal-dimmest-off) four steps are easy to use. When folding the design lamp holder and arm can rotate the angle within a range of 180 degrees up-down adjustment. Press and hold “Mode” Set” Up” Donkey enter normal time mode, alarm clock and snooze mode, birthday reminder mode timer mode, and temperature mode. Time changes 12 hours/24 hours mode and adjusting the hours, minutes, year, month,t,h, and day. Temperature can change to Celsius or Fahrenheit. The red light will be on when it starts charging, and the red light will go out when it is fully charged. Material—ABS+PC Rated voltage—DC5V /0.5A lighting Mode—Direct glow Key Type—Touch key Luminous flux—250m Color rendering index—>80 Rated power—4W Battery Capacity—1200mAh Weight—346g Charging port—Micro SIZE—87*87*263mmCharging time—4-4:30hour Working time—3:30hour
Digital Device Laptop Keyboard Compatible for MacBook AIR 13″ A1369 A1466 (MID 2011- MID 2017) US Layout 【Unique】Pls see detail compatible models in description below. 【Safe】Easy for you replace your faulty, cracked or broken keyboard ,seller remind that you should replace the keyboard in the off state. All pictures are taken from the real item, please check carefully before bidding, Replacement and high quality, Replace your faulty, cracked or broken keyboard. Each keyboard is tested before shipping Compatibility: MacBook Air 13″ A1369 Mid 2011: MC965LL/A (1.7 GHz Core i5) Mid 2011: MC966LL/A (1.7 GHz Core i5) Mid 2011: MD226LL/A (1.8 GHz Core i7) Compatibility: MacBook Air 13″ A1466 Mid 2012: MD231LL/A (1.8 GHz Core i5) Mid 2012: MD232LL/A (1.8 GHz Core i5) Mid 2012: MD232LL/A (2.0 GHz Core i7) Mid 2013: MD760LL/A (1.3 GHz Core i5) Mid 2013: MD761LL/A (1.3 GHz Core i5) Mid 2013: MD761LL/A (1.7 GHz Core i7) Early 2014: MD760LL/B (1.4 GHz Core i5) Early 2014: MD761LL/B (1.4 GHz Core i5) Early 2014: MD761LL/B (1.7 GHz Core i7) Compatibility: Early 2015: MJVE2LL/A (1.6 GHz Core i5 or 2.2 GHz Core i7) Early 2015: MJVG2LL/A (1.6 GHz Core i5 or 2.2 GHz Core i7) Identifying Numbers APN #: 661-6059, 661-6635, 661-7480
Arabic Language Silicone Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13" Macbook Pro with / without Retina Display 13"15" 17" MC184LL/B, NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEW MacBook Air 13” A1932 (Black) Arabic Language Silicone Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13″ Macbook Pro with / without Retina Display 13″15″ 17″ MC184LL/B, NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEW MacBook Air 13” A1932 (Black) About this item Only compatible with MacBook Air 13″ (Model: A1369 & A1466) , MacBook Pro 13-Inch with DVD Drive (Model: A1278), Pro 13 inch with Retina Display (Model: A1425 & A1502), Pro 15 inch with DVD Drive (Model: A1286), Pro 15 inch with Retina Display (Model: A1398), Pro 17 inch (Model: A1297) and Apple Wireless Bluetooth Keyboard MC184LL/B (A1314). NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEWEST MacBook Air 13″ 2018 (Model: A1932) Fit for American Version( “Enter” key is a rectangle), DO NOT FIT FOR Europe Version (“Enter” key looks like “7”) Extra slim silicone skin, made it easier for typing. Soft silicone can ELIMINATE THE SOUND when typing FLEXIBLE, WASHABLE, easy to apply and remove for cleaning or disinfecting. Manufactured to the highest quality available, Ultra thin design lets you open and close your computer without any affection
GAMDIAS XC3 (2g, incl. Cleaning Wipe and Scraper) - Ultimate Performance Thermal Paste for CPU, GPU, consoles, laptops, high thermal conductivity, long durability, non-conductive, non-capacitive GAMDIAS XC3 (2g, incl. Cleaning Wipe and Scraper) – Ultimate Performance Thermal Paste for CPU, GPU, consoles, laptops, high thermal conductivity, long durability, non-conductive, non-capacitive PERFORMANCE THERMAL COMPOUND: XC3 is an easy-to-apply thermal paste that features high-quality thermal compounds with nano-diamond particles that allow excellent conductivity to lower thermals and push your PC to the limit. HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: XC3 ensures exceptional heat dissipation by utilizing high conductivity nanoparticles and lowering thermal impedance between the CPU and cooler with its nano-diamond particles. VERSATILE APPLICATION: The compound provides a stable working status from -50°C to 220°C. SAFE AND STABLE: Without electrically conductive materials,the grease eliminates the risk of short-circuiting or discharging. APPLICATION KIT: The paste comes in a luer lock syringe, with a cleaning wipe and scraper included in the product pack for convenience.
Model: Cozy Classic Case Material: Waterproof 900D polyester+ Micro Fiber+ Faux fur lining Waterproof material Anti-scratch fur lining Durabl& Smooth YKK zipper Patent anti-drop strip inside Net weight: 14inch/560g, 16inch/650g 14 inch: 35.5*25*4.5cm 16 inch: 39.5*27*4.5 WiWU Cozy Classic Laptop Sleeve Protect your investment with the WiWU Cozy Classic, a premium laptop sleeve that balances elegant aesthetics with rugged, everyday protection. Shockproof Security: Engineered with a specialized 360° anti-drop border and reinforced corners to safeguard your device against accidental falls and impacts. Weatherproof Shield: Made from high-density waterproof polyester, ensuring your laptop remains completely dry and safe from spills or rain. Scratch-Free Interior: Features a luxurious, soft faux-fur lining that cushions your device and prevents surface scratches during transport. Travel-Ready Design: Ultra-slim and lightweight with a sturdy, retractable handle, making it easy to carry alone or slip into a larger bag. Extra Storage: Includes a spacious front zippered pocket to neatly organize your charger, mouse, and cables alongside your laptop. Available for: 14″ | 16″ Models
Get premium ThinkPad reliability at an incredible value with this pre-owned E14 Gen 3. Powered by the efficient AMD Ryzen 5 5500U 6-core processor, 16GB RAM, and a 512GB SSD, it delivers the perfect balance of performance and portability for students and professionals alike.
SanDisk 2TB Portable SSD - Up to 800MB/s, USB-C, USB 3.2 Gen 2, Updated Firmware - External Solid State Drive - SDSSDE30-2T00-G26 SanDisk 2TB Portable SSD – Up to 800MB/s, USB-C, USB 3.2 Gen 2, Updated Firmware – External Solid State Drive – SDSSDE30-2T00-G26 About this item Solid state performance with up to 800MB/s read speeds in a portable drive. (Based on internal testing; performance may be lower depending on host device, interface, usage conditions and other factors. 1MB=1,000,000 bytes.) Back up your content and memories on a storage solution that fits seamlessly into your mobile lifestyle. Take it with you on your adventures—up to two-meter drop protection means this durable drive can take a beating. (Based on internal testing.) Secure it to your belt loop or backpack for extra peace of mind thanks to the tough rubber hook. From SanDisk, a brand professional photographers trust to take on assignments.
Genuine-spec UK layout (QWERTY) black keyboard replacement for MacBook Air 13.6″ and 15″ models (2023–2025, M2/M3/M4 chips)—featuring Apple’s Magic Keyboard design with scissor-switch mechanism, backlighting, and precise OEM fit. Compatible With: 13.6″ MacBook Air: A2681 (M2, 2022–2023), A3113 (M3, 2023–2024), A3240 (M4, 2024–2025) 15″ MacBook Air: A2941 (M2, 2023), A3114 (M3, 2023–2024), A3241 (M4, 2024–2025) 13.6″ MacBook Air: A2681 (M2, 2022–2023), A3113 (M3, 2023–2024), A3240 (M4, 2024–2025) 15″ MacBook Air: A2941 (M2, 2023), A3114 (M3, 2023–2024), A3241 (M4, 2024–2025) Keyboard Layout: UK English (QWERTY) with £ symbol, taller Enter key, and standard UK key labeling—matches Apple’s original regional configuration. Design: Apple’s Magic Keyboard with scissor-switch mechanism—offering quiet, responsive typing with 1mm travel and improved reliability. Features: Backlit keys, ambient light sensor support, and original-style flex cable connector for seamless integration with the logic board. Color: Matte black keycaps matching the Space Gray and Midnight MacBook Air finishes (also compatible with Silver/Starlight—keycaps are model-agnostic). Precision Engineering: Manufactured to exact OEM specifications for fit, alignment, and tactile performance—ensures flush mounting within the top case. Installation Note: Keyboard is glued into the top case and requires full disassembly and careful re-adhesion. Recommended for professional technicians only due to complexity and risk of damage.
A next-generation Wi-Fi 6 router delivering AX1500 speeds (1201 Mbps on 5GHz + 300 Mbps on 2.4GHz), 4 high-performance antennas, and Gigabit ports—ideal for 2–3 bedroom homes needing faster speeds, lower latency, and seamless connectivity for 100+ devices. The TP-Link Archer AX12 is a powerful Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) dual-band router engineered for modern connected homes. With a combined speed of AX1500—delivering up to 1201 Mbps on the 5GHz band and 300 Mbps on the 2.4GHz band—it provides significantly faster throughput, reduced latency, and improved capacity compared to older Wi-Fi standards. Powered by a 1 GHz dual-core processor and equipped with four fixed high-performance antennas, the Archer AX12 delivers strong, stable coverage throughout 2–3 bedroom homes, eliminating dead zones and buffering. Advanced beamforming technology focuses Wi-Fi signals directly toward connected devices for clearer, stronger connections—even at greater distances. OFDMA + MU-MIMO: Efficiently serves multiple devices simultaneously—perfect for households with smartphones, laptops, smart TVs, and IoT devices connected at once (supports 100+ devices). www.wifi-stock.com WPA3 Security: Next-generation encryption for stronger protection against unauthorized access and cyber threats. www.amazon.in Backward Compatibility: Works seamlessly with all existing Wi-Fi devices (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax). www.tp-link.com Wired connectivity includes one Gigabit WAN port and three Gigabit LAN ports for high-speed connections to desktops, game consoles, NAS devices, or smart TVs. Parental Controls: Set schedules, filter content, and manage screen time per device QoS (Quality of Service): Prioritize bandwidth for video calls, gaming, or streaming TP-Link Tether App: Easy setup and management from your smartphone
A compact and durable pre-owned Dell Latitude 7480 with 14" display, 6th Gen Core i5, 8GB RAM, and 128GB SSD—ideal for light office tasks, students, or as a secure secondary business device.
Xiaomi TV Box S (2nd Gen) 4K Ultra HD Streaming Media Player, Google TV Box with 2GB RAM 8GB ROM, 2.4G/5G Dual WiFi, Bluetooth 5.2 & Dolby Atmos & DTS-HD, Dolby Vision, HDR10+ About this item 4K Ultra HD Image Quality: 4K Ultra HD realizes a more detailed and vivid image for you to immerse yourself in. Dolby Vision & HDR10+: A crisper image in any lighting condition. With Dolby Vision and HDR10+, images now feature a higher dynamic range, and have more amazing brightness, contrast and color than before. HDR images also have more detailed shadows and highlights. Dolby Atmos & DTS-HD: Extraordinary audio experience. As revolutionary spatial audio technology, Dolby Atmos brings the ultimate cinema experience into your living room by surrounding you with powerful sound effects, and also, DTS-HD delivers extraordinarily high-quality sound. Powerful Processor: Accelerated experience: The quad-core CPU delivers efficient performance. With high-performance GPU, the TV can now become your new entertainment platform. The 2GB RAM + 8GB ROM combo offers a smoother viewing experience. Google TV: Entertainment you love, with a little help from Google. Google TV brings together movies, shows, and more from across your apps and subscriptions and organizes them just for you. Discover new things to watch with recommendations based on what you watch and what interests you, from across your subscriptions and content available to you. Ok Google: Your TV is more helpful than ever. Ask Google to find movies, stream apps, play music, and control the TV – all with your voice. Even get answers, control smart home devices, and more. Just say “Ok Google” or press the Google Assistant button on the remote to get started. 360° Bluetooth & IR Remote Control: The intuitive button layout and Bluetooth allows you to access your favorite content much quicker from any angle. With the built-in IR, you can also control power and volume on your TV or soundbar, all with a single remote. Wireless Projection: Upgraded viewing angle. Chromecast Built-in makes it easier to project content from smart devices onto the TV, which allows for a wider viewing angle. Mainstream Ports: Enable more possibilities. Abundant options of mainstream ports that allow easy expansion without restrictions. Get up and running in 3 simple steps: 1. Attach Xiaomi TV Box S (2nd Gen) to your TV HDMI port. 2. Connect to the Internet. 3. Start streaming. (Xaomi Quality Trustworthy. “TechFuture US” Store provides 13 months warranty for this product(ASIN: B0BZC43HX8).) Show less
This replacement touchpad for MacBook Air A2179 comes in Rose Gold and is sold without the flex cable. Perfect for restoring smooth trackpad performance, it’s ideal for repair technicians and users replacing a damaged or non-working touchpad. The MacBook Air A2179 Touchpad (Rose Gold) is a high-quality replacement part designed to restore full trackpad functionality to your laptop. Whether your original touchpad is unresponsive, physically damaged, or experiencing tracking issues, this replacement provides a reliable solution. Please note that this unit is without the flex cable, meaning it requires the original flex or a separate replacement flex for installation. Ideal for repair shops and technicians, it ensures smooth navigation and precise control. Compatible with MacBook Air A2179 Rose Gold Color Match for original look and finish Replacement Touchpad Only (without flex cable) Restores Smooth Trackpad Functionality Precision Tracking & Gesture Support (when installed correctly) Ideal for Repairs & Replacements High-Quality Build designed for durability and long use Designed specifically for Apple MacBook Air A2179 models. Recommended for technicians and repair shops or users replacing a faulty touchpad. Ensure compatibility before purchase and note that a flex cable is required for installation.
