The HP ScanJet Pro 2600 f1 is a reliable scanner designed to boost productivity. It delivers high-speed, high-quality scans for businesses of all sizes. This scanner ensures your workflow remains smooth and efficient. Firstly with fast duplex scanning, the HP ScanJet Pro 2600 f1 saves you time. It can scan up to 50 pages per minute, handling large volumes effortlessly. The automatic document feeder (ADF) can hold up to 60 sheets, making batch scanning simple and hassle-free. Furthermore this scanner is perfect for various document types, including receipts, photos, and multi-page reports. Its advanced image processing ensures clear, crisp, and professional results. You can rely on this scanner to digitize your files accurately. Moreover setting up the HP ScanJet Pro 2600 f1 is easy and straightforward. With its user-friendly interface and software, you can start scanning in minutes. It also supports multiple file formats, giving you the flexibility to save documents as PDFs, JPEGs, or editable text. Also the compact design of this scanner makes it ideal for small workspaces. Despite its small size, it offers robust performance that meets the demands of busy offices. Its energy-efficient features help reduce power consumption without compromising performance. Finally the HP ScanJet Pro 2600 f1 is a versatile and dependable choice for businesses. It integrates seamlessly with your existing systems, ensuring compatibility with popular document management tools. Upgrade your document workflow today with the HP ScanJet Pro 2600 f1. Experience fast, accurate, and efficient scanning like never before. Specifications: Resolution : Up to 600 x 600 dpi (ADF) Up to 1200 x 1200 dpi (Flatbed) Maximum Document Scan Size : 8.5 x 122″ Scannable Media Types : Paper (banner, inkjet, photo, plain), envelopes, labels, cards (greeting, index) Input type : ADF; CIS scanning technology, Flatbed Auto Document Feeder : Up to 60 Sheets
Original product name: HP Printer Inkjet – Officejet MFP / A4 Format V1N03C Desk Jet 2630 3in1, Print, Scan, Copy, speed 20ppm Black/16ppm color, Res 1200x1200dpi Black/ 4800x1200dpi color, Scan Res 1200dpi, Integrated memry, Wireless, Airprint, USB2.0, duty cycle 1000pages HP Printer Inkjet – Officejet MFP / A4 Format V1N03C Desk Jet 2630 3in1, Print, Scan, Copy, speed 20ppm Black/16ppm color, Res 1200x1200dpi Black/ 4800x1200dpi color, Scan Res 1200dpi, Integrated memry, Wireless, Airprint, USB2.0, duty cycle 1000pages
Looking for a reliable and budget-friendly printer? Meet the Canon Pixma G4470, a versatile printing solution that combines affordability with top-notch performance. Firstly, the Canon Pixma stands out with its high-capacity ink tanks, ensuring prolonged printing without frequent refills. Say goodbye to constant interruptions and hello to uninterrupted productivity. This all-in-one printer seamlessly handles various tasks, from printing and scanning to copying and faxing. Streamline your workflow with a single, multifunctional device that caters to all your printing needs. Furthermore connectivity is a breeze with the Canon Pixma G4470. Effortlessly print from your smartphone or tablet through wireless connectivity. Experience the convenience of remote printing, making your life simpler and more efficient. Moreover the user-friendly interface and intuitive controls make operating this printer a walk in the park. Easily navigate through settings and functions, even if you’re not a tech-savvy individual. Simplify your printing experience with this user-centric device. Canon’s commitment to environmental sustainability shines through with the Pixma G4470. The economical design and efficient use of resources make this printer an eco-friendly choice for the environmentally conscious consumer. In conclusion, the Canon Pixma G4470 printer offers a perfect blend of affordability, efficiency, and user-friendliness. Upgrade your printing experience without breaking the bank. Make the smart choice for your printing needs with the Canon Pixma G4470 today. Specifications: 6000 black ink pagers Wireless connectivity Print Speed : 11 ipm 35-sheet ADF
Epson WorkForce DS-50000 Epson WorkForce DS-50000, Scanners, A3, 600 DPI (Horizontal x Vertical), Input: 16 Bits Color / 8 Bits Monochrome, Output: 48 Bits Color / 24 Bits Monochrome, Manual / Automatic Job Separation, RGB colour dropout, Punch holes removal, Horizontal & Vertical Document Split, Pre-defined scanning settings, Automatic area segmentation, Automatic de-skew, Automatic B/W colour original detection, RGB colour enhance, Dual Image Output (Windows only), Auto-rotation, Text enhancement, Edge enhancement, Advanced cropping feature for Auto size, Unsharp Mask (USM), Descreening, Book spine correction, Automatic Folder Creation, Barcode Recognition, Zonal OCR A & B support, USB 2.0 Type B, Gigabit ethernet interface (optional), Ethernet interface (100 Base-TX / 10 Base-T) (optional), ABBYY FineReader® Sprint 8.0 (MacOS), ABBYY FineReader® Sprint 9.0 (Windows), Epson Document Capture Pro, Epson Document Capture Pro Server (on free download), Epson Event Manager (Mac Only), EpsonNet Config, Epson Scan, Scan to E-mail, Scan to FTP, Scan to Microsoft SharePoint®, Scan to Print, Scan to Web folders, Scan to Network folders, Mac OS 10.4+, Presentation Server 4.5, Terminal Service, Windows 7, Windows 7 x64, Windows Server 2003 (32/64bit), Windows Server 2008 (32/64bit), Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista, Windows Vista x64, Windows XP, Windows XP x64, Windows server 2003 R2, XenApp 5.0, XenApp 6.0, Power cable, Setup guide, Software (CD), USB cable, Warranty document, Main unit.
Original product name: Canon Laser – 4 in 1 MF734Cdw Print/Copy/Scan/ FAX, + Hand Set, 27 PPM mono/color,12.7 cm LCD Colour Touch Screen, 1200 X 1200 print Quality Automatic duplex printing, duplex ADF 50 PAGE, colour touch screen, Scan to email, network folder, Scan to network, scan & print to/from USB memory Key Canon Laser – 4 in 1 MF734Cdw Print/Copy/Scan/ FAX, + Hand Set, 27 PPM mono/color,12.7 cm LCD Colour Touch Screen, 1200 X 1200 print Quality Automatic duplex printing, duplex ADF 50 PAGE, colour touch screen, Scan to email, network folder, Scan to network, scan & print to/from USB memory Key, Duty cycle 50,000 pages per month,1GB memory, Network, Wi-Fi, Apple AirPrint™, NFC and Google Cloud Print. Cartridge 046Bk,C/M/Y, 046H Bk, C/M/Y. INK
Canon Color Laser – Single Function LBP653Cdw Compact colour laser printer, 27 ppm in colour and mono, Up to 1200 x 1200 dpi print quality, Automatic double-sided printing, print from smart phone Air print, Mopria print, WI-FI, Network, Duty cycle 50,000 pages per month, 1GB memory, 250 sheet Cassette, 50 sheet multipurpose tray. Cartridge 046Bk,C/M/Y, 046H Bk, C/M/Y. INK
Colour Black Brand Canon Connectivity technology Wi-Fi, USB, Ethernet Sheet size B5, A4, A5, A6 Maximum print speed (colour) 100 About this item Print, Copy, Scan Wifi, Ethernet, USB Up to 250 sheets, A4, A5, A6, B5 (JIS),Envelope (DL, C5, C6),Card Black (A4, ISO): Up to 22 ppm, Colour (A4, ISO): Up to 18 ppm 1 YEAR WARRANTY
MLT-D111S MLT-D111L Toner Cartridge Replacement for Samsung 111S MLTD111L for Xpress SL-M2020W SL-M2070FW SL-M2070W M2020 M2024W M2026W M2070 Laser Printer (Black, 1-Pack)
product name : Canon i-SENSYS MF754Cdw Canon i-SENSYS MF754Cdw Machine Type Colour Laser All-In-One Available Functions 33ppm Printing Method Colour laser beam printing Print Resolution Up to 1200 x 1200 dpi Canon i-SENSYS MF754Cdw Warm-up Time Approx. 14 seconds or less from power on First-Print-Out Time Colour approx.: 7.1 seconds or less Mono approx.: 7.1 seconds or less Printer Language UFRII, PCL 5c PCL6, Adobe® PostScript Fonts 45 PCL fonts 136 PostScript fonts Print Margins 5 mm-top, bottom, left and right 10 mm-top, bottom, left and right (Envelope) Toner Saver Mode Yes Advanced Printing Features Encrypted Secure Print Secure Print Print from USB memory key (JPEG/TIFF/PDF) Print from Cloud (Dropbox, GoogleDrive, OneDrive)PDF/JPEG) Microsoft Universal Print support iOS: AirPrint, Canon PRINT Business app Android; Mopria certified, Canon Print Service Plug-in, Canon PRINT Business app Copy Specifications Copy Speed Single sided (A4): Up to 33 ppm Double sided (A4): Up to 29 ipm First-Copy-Out Time ADF (A4):Colour Approx. 8.8 seconds or less Mono App rox. 7.6 seconds or less Platen (A4): Colour Approx. 9.4 seconds or less Mono Approx. 8.3 seconds or less Copy Resolution Up to 600 x 600 dpi Canon i-SENSYS MF754Cdw Copy Modes Text/Photo/Map (Default),Text/Photo/Map (quality), Printed Image, Text Double Sided Copying 2-sided to 2-sided (Automatic) Multiple Copies Up to 999 copies Reduction / Enlargement 25-400% in 1% increments Other Features Frame Erase, Collate, 2 on 1, 4 on 1, ID card copy, Reserved copy Scan Specifications Standard Type Colour Scan Resolution Optical: Up to 600 x 600 dpi Enhanced: Up to 9600 x 9600 dpi Canon i-SENSYS MF754Cdw Scan Speed Single sided mono: 50ipm (300x300dpi) Single sided colour: 40ipm (300x300dpi) Double sided mono: 100ipm (300x300dpi) Colour Scanning Depth 24 bit/24 bit (input/output) Greyscales 256 levels Compatibility TWAIN, WIA, ICA Maximum Scan Width 216mm Scan to E-mail TIFF/JPEG/PDF/Compact PDF/Searchable PDF Scan to PC TIFF/JPEG/PDF/Compact PDF/Searchable PDF Scan to USB Memory Key TIFF/JPEG/PDF/Compact PDF/Searchable PDF Scan to FTP TIFF/JPEG/PDF/Compact PDF/Searchable PDF Scan to Cloud TIFF/JPEG/PDF/PNG iFAX ITU-T.37 Fax Specifications Modem Speed 33.6 Kbps (Up to 3 seconds/page Receive Mode Fax only, Fax/Tel Auto Switch, Answer Mode, Manual Canon i-SENSYS MF754Cdw Fax Resolution Standard: 200 x 100 dpi Fine: 200 x 200 dpi Super fine: 200 x 400 dpi Ultra fine: 400 x 400 dpi Canon i-SENSYS MF754Cdw Fax Memory Up to 512 pages Speed Dials Up to 281dials Group Dials/Destinations Max. 299 dials / Max. 299 destinations Sequential Broadcast Max. 310 destinations Memory Backup Permanent fax memory backup (Backup with flash memory) Specifications: Laser Color – Print Copy, Scan, Fax, 33 ppm up to 100 ipm duty cycle 50,000 pages per month Auto Duplex + ADF, Wireless Printing A5 and A6S media support 12.7cm color touch screen 1 year warranty
HP LaserJet Pro MFP 4103fdw Printer (2Z629A) is a black and white laser multifunction printer designed for business use. It supports print, copy, scan, and fax functions. It delivers high-speed output and stable performance for workgroups. It produces fast print speeds up to 40–42 pages per minute for A4 black prints. It prints the first page in about 6.1 seconds. This makes it suitable for high-volume office workflows. The printer includes automatic duplex printing and duplex scanning. It supports wired and wireless connections, including Wi-Fi and Ethernet. It also supports mobile printing through standard mobile printing technologies. It is designed for small to medium workgroups. It supports up to around 10 users in a shared environment. It also includes HP security features and centralized printer management tools. Specifications: Print, copy, scan, fax multifunction capability Up to 40–42 ppm black print speed (A4) First page out in about 6.1 seconds Automatic duplex printing and duplex scanning Wi-Fi, Ethernet, USB connectivity with mobile printing support
The Canon LBP 6030 Laser Printer delivers reliable black-and-white printing with a compact and efficient design. It is ideal for home offices, students, and small workgroups who need simple laser print performance. First, this printer uses Monochrome Laser Beam Printing for crisp text and clear documents. As a result, your reports and letters look clean and professional. In addition, the Canon LBP 6030 Laser Printer prints up to 18 pages per minute on A4 paper. Therefore, everyday printing stays fast and efficient. This model delivers a print resolution of 600 × 600 dpi, so text and simple graphics appear sharp. Also, image refinement helps improve output quality. The Canon LBP 6030 Laser Printer includes a 150-sheet input tray and a 100-sheet output tray. Thus, you can load plenty of paper for routine tasks. Moreover, it works with USB 2.0 High-Speed connectivity for easy wired setup. So, connecting to your PC or laptop takes only seconds. Because it features Canon’s On-Demand Fixing Technology, the printer warms up quickly and uses less energy. This helps reduce power usage during daily printing. The Canon LBP 6030 Laser Printer supports many paper sizes including A4, A5, B5, Legal, Letter, and envelopes. Therefore, it handles diverse printing needs. It also integrates a simple one-toner cartridge design for easy maintenance and replacement. Thus, keeping the printer running stays straightforward. Compared to basic inkjet models, this laser printer delivers faster speeds and lower cost per page for monochrome prints. Installation is plug-and-play with supported drivers for common operating systems. In conclusion, the Canon LBP 6030 Laser Printer is a practical choice for everyday black-and-white printing. If you want a compact, dependable laser printer with solid speed and quality, this model is worth choosing. Specifications: Fast & Efficient: Quick warm-up and first print times due to On-Demand Fixing technology. High-Quality Output: Delivers sharp, professional-looking black and white text. Connectivity: USB 2.0 (standard), with LBP6030w models offering wireless (Wi-Fi/WPS) setup. Energy Saving: Low power consumption with Sleep Mode and Auto Shutdown, plus low Energy Star TEC ratings
HP LaserJet Pro M404dn Printer (W1A53A) is a monochrome laser printer designed for small to medium office environments. It focuses on fast, secure, and reliable business document printing. HP LaserJet Pro M404dn Printer delivers consistent performance for high-demand office workflows. In addition, it prints up to 40 pages per minute for A4 black documents. It also provides a first page out time as fast as 6.1 seconds for quick job handling. Moreover, it supports up to 1200 × 1200 dpi resolution for sharp and clear text output. Furthermore, it includes automatic duplex printing for efficient two-sided documents. It also supports USB and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for stable network printing. In addition, it is designed for a high monthly duty cycle of up to 80,000 pages for enterprise use. Finally, it is built for secure printing environments with advanced firmware protection and managed IT control features. HP LaserJet Pro M404dn Printer provides reliable monochrome output for demanding office productivity. Specifications: Monochrome laser print-only business printer Up to 40 ppm A4 black print speed First page out in as fast as 6.1 seconds Automatic duplex (two-sided) printing support USB and Ethernet connectivity with enterprise security features
Xprinter XP-P322B 72mm Thermal Mobile Receipt Printer is a portable printing device designed for receipts, labels, and mobile POS use. It uses direct thermal printing, so it does not require ink or toner. Additionally, it supports field work, retail, and delivery applications. The printer delivers 203 DPI resolution with a maximum print width of 72mm. Moreover, it prints at speeds up to 70mm per second, which supports fast receipt generation. This makes it suitable for mobile businesses that need quick and reliable output. Furthermore, Xprinter XP-P322B includes USB and Bluetooth connectivity as standard. It also offers optional WiFi support depending on the version. In addition, it works with Windows, Android, and iOS systems, which improves compatibility across devices. The device features a 2500mAh rechargeable battery for portable use. It also includes a small OLED display and multiple sensors for paper detection and operation status. Therefore, it supports stable performance during mobile printing tasks. The printer supports various command languages such as ESC/POS, TSPL, EPL, and ZPL. This allows integration with many POS systems and software platforms. As a result, it fits retail shops, logistics, restaurants, and delivery services. Xprinter XP-P322B 72mm Thermal Mobile Receipt Printer provides fast, portable, and ink-free printing for mobile POS and business operations. Specifications: 72mm max print width with 203 DPI resolution Direct thermal printing with no ink required USB and Bluetooth connectivity (WiFi optional) 2500mAh rechargeable battery for mobile use Supports ESC/POS and multiple print command languages
Canon Laser – 4 in 1 MF237W PRINT/COPY/SCAN/FAX + Hand Set, 23 PPM, 1200*1200 DPI, ADF 35 PAGE, 256 PAGES Fax MEMORY, 1-sheet multi-purpose tray, 6 seconds First Print Out Time, scan to PC, Intuitive tilting controle panel, Touch Screen, Mobile Print, Network, WI-FI(Airprint, Mopria certified), Duty cycle 15,000 pages per month Cartridge 737 (yield = 2400 pages) INK
HP ScanJet Pro 3000 s4 Sheet-feed Scanner (6FW07A) is a compact document scanner designed for fast office document processing. It uses a sheet-feed system to scan multiple pages quickly. Additionally, it supports duplex scanning for both sides of a page in a single pass. Moreover, HP ScanJet Pro 3000 s4 Sheet-feed Scanner (6FW07A) delivers scan speeds up to 40 pages per minute and 80 images per minute. It uses 600 dpi optical resolution for clear and accurate document capture. Therefore, it is suitable for invoices, contracts, and daily business records. In addition, HP ScanJet Pro 3000 s4 Sheet-feed Scanner (6FW07A) includes a 50-sheet automatic document feeder. It supports up to 4,000 pages per day for regular office workloads. Furthermore, it connects via USB 3.0 for stable and fast data transfer. The scanner supports multiple file formats and scan profiles for flexible workflow integration. It also works with common document management software. Therefore, it helps improve productivity in office environments. HP ScanJet Pro 3000 s4 Sheet-feed Scanner delivers fast duplex scanning, reliable paper handling, and compact performance for everyday business use. Specifications: Up to 40 ppm / 80 ipm scan speed 600 dpi optical resolution for clear scans 50-sheet automatic document feeder Duplex scanning for both sides in one pass USB 3.0 connectivity for fast transfer
Description : Laser Barcode Scanner – Antishock – Read all common 1D barcodes, Ergonomic and stylish design, Infrared auto-induction, Minimum resolution: 5mil , IP52 ensures high reliability and durabilty, over 10 million times press button , multiple 4.0 meter drops to concrete, compatible with all pos systems, easy firmware upgrade. manufacturer link
30 sec/page on A1 / 76 A1 prints per hour, 4 separate inks, Res 2400 x 1200dpi, Media handling: Sheet feed, roll feed, automatic sheet feeder, media bin, automatic cutter, 1GB memory, Network, Wi-FI, Stand, USB2.0 https://www.hp.com/us-en/home.html
HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3303fdw Printer (499M8A) is a color laser multifunction printer designed for small and medium office workgroups. It supports printing, copying, scanning, and faxing in one device. HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3303fdw delivers fast and reliable business document handling. In addition, it prints up to 25 pages per minute for both black and color documents. It also provides a first page out time as fast as about 10.9 seconds for A4 prints. Moreover, it supports up to 600 × 600 dpi print resolution for clear text and graphics. Furthermore, it includes a 50-sheet automatic document feeder for multi-page scanning and copying. It also supports automatic duplex printing for two-sided output. In addition, it uses USB, Ethernet, and dual-band Wi-Fi for flexible office connectivity. Finally, it is designed for a monthly duty cycle up to 40,000 pages, making it suitable for demanding office environments. HP Color LaserJet Pro MFP 3303fdw delivers reliable color performance and strong workflow efficiency for professional use. Specifications: Print, copy, scan, and fax multifunction device Up to 25 ppm black and color print speed Automatic duplex (two-sided) printing support 50-sheet automatic document feeder (ADF) Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and USB connectivity support
HP OfficeJet Pro 9013 All-in-One Printer is a color inkjet multifunction device designed for small offices and home business use. It supports printing, scanning, copying, and faxing in one compact unit for daily productivity. HP OfficeJet Pro 9013 All-in-One Printer is a color inkjet multifunction device designed for small offices and home business environments. It supports printing, scanning, copying, and faxing in one compact unit for daily productivity. In addition, it delivers print speeds up to 22 pages per minute in black and up to 18 pages per minute in color. Therefore, it handles everyday office tasks efficiently. Moreover, it produces sharp text and detailed color output with up to 4800 × 1200 optimized dpi resolution. Furthermore, it includes automatic two-sided printing. As a result, it reduces paper usage and improves workflow efficiency. It also features a 35-sheet automatic document feeder for multi-page scanning and copying tasks. In addition, it supports Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and USB connectivity. Therefore, it integrates easily into wired and wireless office environments. Moreover, it supports mobile printing through AirPrint, Mopria, and HP Smart app for flexible use. Finally, this printer is built for reliable daily performance, making it suitable for users who need efficient all-in-one printing, scanning, copying, and faxing in a compact office device. Specifications: 4-in-1 functions: print, scan, copy, fax Up to 22 ppm black and 18 ppm color speed Automatic duplex printing for paper saving 35-sheet ADF for multi-page scanning Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and USB connectivity
W1A80A “HP CLJ Pro MFP M479fdw**NEW Supplies: W2030A,W2031A,W2032A,W2033A (415A)” 4in1, print, scan, copy, fax, Speed 27ppm Black & Color, Print res 600dpi, Scan res 1200dpi, 1200MHz processor, 512MB Memory, 4.3″ intuitive color touchscreen (CGD), Flatbed, Duplex, ADF,Network, Wireless, E-Print, Airprint,WI-FI Direct, USB2.0, Duty Cycle 50,000 pages
Canon imageCLASS MF645Cx Quality Performance with 4-in-1 Multifunction Printer the Canon imageCLASS MF645Cx impresses with smart features and quality output. Specifications: Specifications : Print, Scan, Copy, Fax Print Speed (A4): Up to 21 ppm (mono/colour) Print Resolution: Up to 1,200 x 1,200 dpi (equivalent) Gigabit Ethernet, WiFi, Direct Connection Recommended Monthly Print Volume: 250 – 2,500 pages 3 years warranty Manufacturer Link
NCTS USB Barcode Scanner – High-speed wired scanner for both 1D and 2D barcodes with auto-sensing mode.Plug-and-play solution ideal for retail, inventory, and logistics operations. Model: NCTS 1D/2D Barcode Scanner (USB Wired) Color: Black Scan Type: Image-based CMOS scanner Supported Barcode Types: 1D: Code 128, Code 39, EAN-13, UPC-A, Codabar, ISBN, etc. 2D: QR Code, PDF417, Data Matrix, Aztec, etc. Supported Barcode Types: 1D: Code 128, Code 39, EAN-13, UPC-A, Codabar, ISBN, etc. 2D: QR Code, PDF417, Data Matrix, Aztec, etc. Interface: USB 2.0 (Plug-and-play, no driver required) Scan Speed: Up to 300 scans/second Resolution: ≥ 4mil (0.1mm) Scan Modes: Manual trigger Auto-sensing Continuous mode Scan Modes: Manual trigger Auto-sensing Continuous mode Light Source: White LED illumination + red aiming line Indicators: LED and buzzer for scan confirmation Power Supply: DC 5V (via USB port) Cable Length: ~1.5 meters Build: ABS plastic, ergonomic handheld design Compatibility: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android Applications: POS, inventory, logistics, healthcare, warehouse use
Barcode Reader Wireless 2D S20W Wireless 2D Barcode Scanner | S20-W Name: Wireless 2D Barcode Scanner Model: S20-W Interface: USB Color: Black
A versatile wireless 2D barcode scanner with desk stand—Beurotika BS104WS supports auto-scan, continuous, and manual modes, with up to 200 scans per second and a 2000mAh rechargeable battery for all-day use. The Beurotika BS104WS is a high-performance wireless 2.4GHz 2D barcode scanner designed for retail, warehouse, logistics, and office environments. It comes with a convenient desktop stand for hands-free operation and features a 32-bit high-speed processor for fast, accurate decoding of 1D and 2D barcodes—including QR Code, Data Matrix, PDF417, and more Three scanning modes: Auto-scan, continuous scan, and manual trigger—ideal for different workflow needs Scanning speed: Up to 200 scans per second for rapid data capture Wireless range: Reliable 2.4GHz connection (via USB dongle) for cord-free mobility Built-in battery: 3.7V 2000mAh lithium-ion battery offering up to 16 hours of continuous use Ergonomic handheld design with desk stand for flexible countertop or portable use Plug-and-play setup via USB receiver—no drivers required for most systems
