Original 13.3-inch Retina LCD display assembly for MacBook Pro A1502 (pulled from a working unit). OEM part, ready to replace cracked or malfunctioning screens with perfect visual quality. This is a genuine Retina display assembly removed from a fully functional MacBook Pro model A1502. It’s ideal as a replacement for a damaged or broken screen, offering original Apple quality without needing aftermarket components. Key Features & Functionality Factory Retina IPS panel with high color accuracy and brightness Integrated LCD, backlight, front glass, display cable and hinges Tested for proper display, backlight, no dead/stuck pixels (unless noted) Designed to match original tolerances, alignment, and thickness Compatible with MacBook Pro A1502 models (various years) Detailed Specifications Important Notes & Considerations Ensure model is A1502 — other MacBook Pro models have different connectors and frames. Even though tested, minor cosmetic marks or micro-scratches may exist. Handle with extreme care — glass is fragile, flex cables delicate. Professional reinstallation recommended for best alignment and function.
TE03XL Battery TE03061XL for HP Omen 15-ax000:15-ax033dx 15-ax210nr 15-ax001ns;HP Pavilion 15-bc000:15-bc008tx and More 849910-850 849570-541 542 543 HSTNN-UB7A TPN-Q173-11.55V 61.6Wh 3-Cell About this item Specifications: – Battery type: Li-ion || Voltage: 11.55VV|| Capacity: 61.6Wh || Cells: 3-cell Compatible Models: – HP Omen 15-ax000:(15-ax000~15-ax099);HP Pavilion 15-BC000 Series (15-bc000~099;15-bc300~399) Replacement Part Number: – HP TE03XL HSTNN-UB7A TPN-Q173 TE03061XL 849910-850 849570-541 849570-542 849570-543 3ICP7/65/80Replacment Part Number: – HP TE03XL HSTNN-UB7A TPN-Q173 TE03061XL 849910-850 849570-541 849570-542 849570-543 3ICP7/65/80 Easy Installation: The replacement process is straightforward and provides our tools.
WIWU Alpha Double Layer Sleeve Bag For 16\14″ Laptop/MacBook Brand: WIWU The corner patent design protects your laptop from bumps and drops in potential accident. SBS water resistance zipper Retractable waterproof TPU handle, firm and scratch resistant (commonly used in car trailer ropes) 2 compartment zipper design, organize your accessories well Water-resistant material
lenovo battery L18C3PF2 Laptop Battery Compatible with Lenovo Ideapad L3-15IML05 L340-15API L340-15IWL L340-17API L340-17IWL L340-15API/L340-15IWL Touch Series 5B10T03401 L18M3PF2 L18L3PF1 L18D3PF1 11.25V 36Wh About this item 【Battery type】Li-ion. Voltage: 11.25V. Capacity: 36Wh 3320mAh . 【Compatible Part Number】L18C3PF2 5B10T03401 5B10W67302 L18M3PF2 5B10T03402 5B10W67367 5B10T03404 L18D3PF1 5B10W67278 5B10T03400 L18L3PF1 5B10W67198 5B10T03403 . 【Replacement For Laptop】Lenovo V155-15API V340-17IWL, IdeaPad L3-15IML05, Ideapad L340-15API L340-15IWL L340-17API L340-17IWL L340-15IWL Touch L340-15API Touch Series Notebook. 【Connector】Before placing your order, Please refer to the picture and check it. Because the products produced by different factories will have differences in size, cable length, interface, etc.
GAMDIAS Hermes E3 RGB Mechanical Gaming Keyboard Blue Switch with 19 Built-in Lighting Effects Certified Optical Switches and N-Key Rollover & Anti-Ghosting Functionality (Hermes E3 Black) About this item Extreme Gaming RGB Lighting Modes: This wired keyboard has 19 Build-in RGB backlight modes powered by 16.8 million RGB backlighting for gamers and provide comfortable ambient light for typing. It comes with the adjustable brightness and WASD and Arrow Keys Exchange 8 Additional Multimedia Keys. Compact 60 Percent Design for Mobility: The 60% gaming keyboard is a compact 61-key elegant design for both gaming and office typing for computers, PC and desktops. Blue Switches & Full Anti-ghosting: The classic blue switches provide tactile and audible feedback, deliver accurate and responsive key commands. All keys are fully conflict-free, the perfect choice for intense gameplay and fast typing. All key can be reassigned and macros can be created for effortless operation. Ergonomic & Portable design: The 61 key compact keyboard is not only easy to operate and store, but it also boasts its solid front plate and comes in Classic Black or White touch-up to fit flawlessly into all battle stations. Superior Control: Gain complete control using the responsive mechanical switches with a built-in vertical LED perception sensor and anti-ghosting with N-Key rollover.
The MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor is designed for professionals seeking smooth performance and high efficiency. It delivers a crisp Full HD display for sharp visuals and clear text. With a 100Hz refresh rate, this business monitor provides fluid motion and reduces screen tearing. Scrolling through documents and web pages feels smoother, improving your workflow. The fast response time ensures minimal motion blur for a better viewing experience. The MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor features a sleek and modern design. Its ultra-slim bezels maximize screen space, making it ideal for multi-monitor setups. The stand is sturdy and adjustable, ensuring comfortable viewing angles. This business monitor comes with anti-flicker and low blue light technology. It reduces eye strain, making it perfect for long working hours. The comfortable viewing experience enhances focus and productivity. Connectivity options include HDMI and DisplayPort, allowing easy connection to various devices. Whether using a laptop, desktop, or docking station, this MSI business monitor ensures seamless compatibility. The MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor offers vibrant colors and excellent contrast. The IPS panel provides wide viewing angles, ensuring clear visuals from any position. With energy-efficient performance, this business monitor consumes less power without compromising quality. It is an eco-friendly choice for offices and home workspaces. For professionals needing a reliable display, the MSI Pro MP253 24.5″ 100Hz Business Monitor is a great choice. It offers smooth visuals, eye-care features, and a stylish design to enhance productivity. Specifications: Display : 24.5″ IPS Resolution : 1920×1080 FHD Refresh Rate : 100Hz Response Rate : 1ms Speaker : 3W x2
The AOC G2460PF 24″ gaming LCD monitor offers fast and smooth visuals for competitive play and everyday use. Its Full HD panel displays sharp images and crisp text for work and gaming. In addition, the 144 Hz refresh rate keeps motion fluid, helping reduce blur in fast action scenes. The monitor also supports adaptive sync technology, which helps reduce screen tearing during gameplay. Furthermore, its ergonomic stand allows tilt, swivel, and height adjustments so you can set it to your most comfortable position. The monitor includes DisplayPort, HDMI, and VGA inputs, making it easy to connect gaming consoles, PCs, or media players without extra adapters. Therefore, this model fits well in gaming rooms and workspaces alike. Overall, the AOC G2460PF balances speed, smooth visuals, and flexible connections in a reliable 24‑inch display. Specifications: 24″ Full HD (1920×1080) display with sharp visuals 144 Hz refresh rate for fluid motion in games Adaptive sync support to reduce screen tearing Ergonomic stand with tilt, swivel, height adjustment DisplayPort, HDMI, VGA inputs, ideal for gaming and work
TP-Link TL-WR841N Router – 300Mbps Wi-Fi speed with 2 fixed antennas and 4 LAN ports.Ideal for home and small office use with support for multiple modes and secure encryption. Model: TP-Link TL-WR841N Wi-Fi Standard: IEEE 802.11b/g/n Frequency: 2.4GHz only Speed: Up to 300Mbps (Wireless N) Antennas: 2 Fixed 5dBi Omni-directional Antennas Ports: 1x WAN Port (10/100Mbps) 4x LAN Ports (10/100Mbps) Ports: 1x WAN Port (10/100Mbps) 4x LAN Ports (10/100Mbps) Security: WPA/WPA2, SPI Firewall, MAC address filtering Modes: Router, Range Extender, Access Point, WISP Wireless Features: SSID broadcast control, WDS bridging, bandwidth control Management: Web UI, TP-Link Tether App Dimensions: 192 × 134 × 33 mm
CI03 CI03XL Battery for HP ProBook 640 G2 645 G2 650 G2 655 G2, ProBook 640 G3 645 G3 650 G3 655 G3 Laptop, P/N: HSTNN-UB6Q HSTNN-LB6T HSTNN-PB6K 801554-001 About this item 【BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS】 Type: Li-ion ‖ Capacity: 48Wh ‖ Voltage: 11.4V ‖ Model: CI03XL 【COMPATIBLE LAPTOP MODEL】For ProBook 640 G2, ProBook 640 G3, ProBook 645 G2, ProBook 645 G3, ProBook 650 G2, ProBook 650 G3, ProBook 655 G2, ProBook 655 G3 Notebook. 【PART NUMBER】CI03, CI03XL, C103XL, CIO3XL, CI03048XL, CIO3, HSTNN-UB6Q, HSTNN-LB6T, HSTNN-PB6K, HSTNN-UB6Q, HSTNN-DB7N, HSTNN-I66C-4, HSTNN-I66C-5U, HSTNN-I66C-5H, HSTNN-I67C-4, HSTNN-I67C-5, 801517-221, 801517-222, 801517-231, 801517-232, 801517-241, 801517-242, 801517-421, 801517-422,801517-541, 801517-831, 801554-001. 【MULTIPLE PRETCTION】 Don’t fall into buying cheap and unsafe batteries. All our batteries are certified by CE, and FCC for safety. Bulit-in circuit protection ensures both safety and stability.
The ViewSonic VA2760-H 27″ FHD 100Hz Monitor delivers sharp and clear visuals for work, study, and entertainment. Its Full HD resolution shows strong detail. The large 27-inch screen gives you more room to multitask. This helps you stay organized and productive. Moreover, the ViewSonic VA2760-H 27″ FHD 100Hz Monitor features a smooth 100Hz refresh rate. This refresh rate makes movement look clean and fluid. It reduces motion blur during fast scenes. This creates a more enjoyable viewing experience. In addition, the monitor uses an advanced panel that provides bright colors. The colors stay accurate from wide angles. This helps your content look consistent and natural. It is perfect for photos, videos, and daily tasks. Furthermore, the ViewSonic VA2760-H 27″ FHD 100Hz Monitor includes important eye-care features. Flicker-Free technology protects your eyes during long sessions. The blue light filter adds extra comfort. These features help reduce eye strain every day. Also, the monitor offers HDMI and VGA ports for easy connection. You can link desktops, laptops, and gaming consoles quickly. The setup process is simple for all users. This makes the monitor suitable for home or office use. The design of the ViewSonic VA2760-H 27″ FHD 100Hz Monitor is modern and clean. The slim frame gives your workspace a sleek look. It fits well in many setups and desk sizes. The build quality is strong and durable. Overall, the ViewSonic VA2760-H 27″ FHD 100Hz Monitor provides smooth performance, bright visuals, and eye comfort. It improves your workflow and entertainment experience. It is ideal for students, gamers, and professionals who want quality and simplicity. Specifications: Display : 27″ IPS Resolution : 1920×1080 Refresh Rate : 100Hz Response Time : 1ms
128GB SSD Apple Macbook Pro Air 2013 2014 2015 A1502 A1398 A1466 A1465 | Samsung MZ-JPU512T/A06 | 655-1805D ORIGINAL APPLE PART (Apple sources their SSD’s for MacBooks from Samsung) A1502 – A1398 – A1465 – A1466 100% TESTED WORKING Please check compatibility below before you make your purchase: COMPATIBILITY: MacBook Pro Retina Late 2013 – Mid-2015 MacBookPro11,1 (A1502) – ME864LL/A, ME866LL/A, ME867LL/A, MGX72LL/A, MGX92LL/A, & MGXD2LL/A MacBookPro11,2 (A1398) – ME293LL/A & MGXA2LL/A MacBookPro11,3 (A1398) – ME294LL/A, ME874LL/A, MGXC2LL/A, & MGXG2LL/A MacBookPro11,4 (A1398) – MJLQ2LL/A MacBookPro11,5 (A1398) – MJLT2LL/A & MJLU2LL/A MacBookPro12,1 (A1502) – MF839LL/A, MF841LL/A, & MF843LL/A MacBook Air Mid-2013 – Late 2015 MacBookAir6,1 (A1465) – MD711LL/A, MD760LL/A, MD711LL/B, & MF067LL/A MacBookAir6,2 (A1466) – MD760LL/A, MD760LL/B, & MF068LL/A MacBookAir7,1 (A1465) – MJMVM2LL/A MacBookAir7,2 (A1466) – MJVE2LL/A Model Identifier: Samsung Manufacturer Part# MZ-JPU512T/A06
Professional battery testing flex cable for MacBook Pro 15″ (Model A1990, 2018–2019)—used by technicians to bypass a faulty battery or diagnose power-on issues without permanent battery removal. Enables safe logic board testing and troubleshooting. This is not a replacement battery cable—it’s a diagnostic tool used in repair workflows. It mimics the battery’s presence by providing the necessary SMBus signal and power-enable lines to the logic board, allowing the MacBook to: Power on without a battery installed Test logic board functionality independently Diagnose whether a no-power issue is caused by the battery or logic board MacBook Pro 15″ (2018–2019) Model: A1990 Model Identifiers: MacBookPro15,2 Chip: Intel Core i7/i9 Model: A1990 Model Identifiers: MacBookPro15,2 Chip: Intel Core i7/i9 ⚠️ Not compatible with A1707 (2016–2017), A2159 (16″), or any M1/M2 models. Simulates battery presence via correct SMBus resistance and ID signals Includes power-enable circuitry matching Apple’s safety protocol Pre-terminated with OEM-style connector for A1990 logic board Allows safe bench testing of logic boards during repair Diagnosing “no power, no fan spin, no display” issues Verifying if a logic board powers on without risking a shorted battery Testing after liquid damage or DC-in board replacement Avoiding unnecessary battery replacements during diagnostics Not for permanent installation—intended for temporary diagnostic use only Does not charge or store power—requires connected USB-C power adapter to operate Must be used with a known-good power adapter (87W recommended) Not a consumer part—designed for professional repair shops and technicians
The LG 27GX790A-B 27″ OLED QHD 480Hz gaming monitor delivers extreme speed and stunning image quality for competitive and professional gamers. Its 27-inch QHD OLED panel produces deep contrast, vibrant colors, and sharp detail, making every scene more immersive. Moreover, OLED technology provides fast pixel response for smooth visuals and minimal motion blur during high-speed gameplay. This monitor is built for esports performance thanks to its ultra-fast 480Hz refresh rate. Additionally, the QHD resolution balances clarity and performance, allowing gamers to enjoy sharp graphics while maintaining high frame rates. The sleek UltraGear design fits modern gaming setups and keeps desks organized while enhancing the overall gaming atmosphere. Connectivity options make it easy to connect PCs and gaming consoles. Furthermore, ergonomic stand adjustments help users maintain comfortable viewing positions during long gaming sessions. Therefore, this monitor suits competitive players and enthusiasts seeking top-tier performance. Finally, it combines OLED picture quality, ultra-fast refresh rate, and gaming-focused features for serious gameplay. Specifications: 27-inch QHD OLED gaming monitor Ultra-fast 480Hz refresh rate Deep contrast and vibrant OLED visuals Designed for competitive gaming setups Multiple connectivity options
Laptop Battery for Acer AS10D31 AS10D51 Aspir 4741 5253 5251 5336 5349 5551 5552 5560 5733 5733Z TravelMate 5740 5735 5735Z 5740G Gateway NV55C NV50A NV53A NV59C Laptop Battery for Acer AS10D31 AS10D51 Aspir 4741 5253 5251 5336 5349 5551 5552 5560 5733 5733Z TravelMate 5740 5735 5735Z 5740G Gateway NV55C NV50A NV53A NV59C [6 Cells/58WH] About this item Battery type: Li-ion; Cells: 6-cell; Capacity:5200mAh / 58Wh; Voltage: 11.1V Made of High-Quality Materials, Grade A Battery cells and Packed with Safety Features. Compatible part number:31CR19/65-2 / 31CR19/66-2 / 3ICR19/66-3 / 31CR19/65-2 / AS10D31 / AS10D3E / AS10D41 / AS10D51 / AS10D61 / AS10D71 / AS10D75 / AS10G3E / AS10D / BT.00603.111 / BT.00606.008 / BT.00607.125 / BT.00607.127 / AK.006BT.075 / AS10D73 / BT.00603.117 / BT.00605.062 / BT. 00607.130 / AK.006BT.080 / AS10D75 / BT.00603.124 / LC.BTP00.123 / BT.00604.049 / BT.00605.065 / BT.00607.126 Compatible Models 1:Acer Aspire 4250 4253 4339 4349 4551 4551G 4738 4738Z 4739 4739Z 4743 4743Z 4741 4750 4750G 4755 4755G 4752 4752G 4752Z 4771 5251 5252 5253 5336 5349 5551 5551G 5552G 5560 5560G 5733 5741 5741G 5741Z 5742 5742G 5742Z 5742ZG 5750 5750G 5750Z 5750ZG 5755 5755G 5736 5736Z 7741G 7741Z-5731 7741Z-4643 7551G 7552G 7750Z Compatible Models 2:Acer TravelMate 4740 4750 5335 5542 5542G 5735 5735Z 5740 5740G 5740Z 5742 5742G 5742Z 5742ZG 5744 5760 6495T 7740 7740G 7750 7750G 7750Z 8472 8473 8573 TM5742;Gateway NV57H NV55S NV50A NE56R NV51B NV75S NV77H NE51B NV76R NV52L NV73A NV79C NV56R NV49C.
The MSI MAG 27CQ6PF 27″ 2K 180Hz Curved Gaming Monitor delivers smooth visuals and immersive gaming experiences. It is designed for competitive and casual gamers. This monitor combines high performance with stunning image quality. It features a 27-inch curved display for immersive viewing. The 1500R curvature brings you closer to the action. This provides a more natural and engaging experience. The MSI MAG 27CQ6PF offers 2K resolution for sharp details. You can enjoy crisp images in games and media. This improves clarity compared to standard Full HD monitors. With a 180Hz refresh rate, it ensures ultra-smooth gameplay. Fast action scenes feel fluid and responsive. This gives gamers a competitive edge in every match. The monitor also features a fast response time. It reduces motion blur and ghosting in fast-paced games. This provides clear visuals for intense gaming sessions. Adaptive sync technology ensures tear-free and stutter-free performance. It keeps gameplay smooth even during demanding scenes. This enhances your overall gaming experience. The MSI MAG 27CQ6PF includes multiple connectivity options. You can connect gaming consoles, PCs, and other devices. This makes it versatile for entertainment and work. Its sleek design with thin bezels adds style. It fits perfectly in gaming setups or workstations. The adjustable stand improves comfort during long sessions. In summary, the MSI MAG 27CQ6PF 27″ 2K 180Hz Curved Gaming Monitor combines speed, clarity, and immersion. It is perfect for gamers who demand performance. Specifications: Display : 27″ Rapid VA Screen : 2560 x 1440 (WQHD) Refresh Rate : 180Hz Response Rate : 0.5ms Curvature : 1500R
Experience fluid motion and edge-to-edge clarity with this ultra-smooth 100Hz Full HD display. Featuring a frameless IPS panel and a modern minimalist design, it’s the perfect upgrade for smooth office workflows and casual gaming. Model: Buerotika B24M1 Primary Specs: 23.8-inch (24″ class) Display/Performance: IPS (In-Plane Switching) for superior color accuracy Visual/Build Quality: 1920 x 1080 (Full HD) Resolution Aesthetic: Frameless “Zero-Bezel” design for immersive viewing and seamless multi-monitor setups Build: Ultra-slim profile with a sturdy, modern base Adjustability: Tilt-adjustable stand for ergonomic positioning Input/Output: HDMI and VGA ports for universal compatibility with PCs and laptops Compatibility: Plug-and-play support for Windows and macOS Smooth Motion: 100Hz Refresh Rate (provides significantly smoother scrolling and video compared to standard 60Hz) Eye Care: Low Blue Light technology and Flicker-Free backlight to reduce eye fatigue during long sessions Response Time: 14ms (typical) – optimized for stable, everyday professional use Home & Office: Enhancing productivity with smooth window transitions. Content Consumption: Watching movies and streaming with vibrant IPS colors. Multi-Monitor Arrays: The frameless edges make it ideal for side-by-side configurations. Casual Gaming: A budget-friendly entry into high-refresh-rate smoothness.
DELL 357F9 11.1V or 11.4V 74Wh Battery For DELL Inspiron 15 5000 Gaming 5576 5577 ,15 7000 Gaming 7557 7559 7566 7567 Laptops Alternant Part Number: 357F9 71JF4 0GFJ6 071FJ4 00GFJ6 P65F001 P57F003 About this item Battery Type:6 cell Li-Polymer Best Quality Voltage &Capacity :11.1V 74Wh 6330mAh , 11.4V 74Wh 6480mAh SANISI Concept: The customer is god, Product Quality and Service must be perfect! We will let every customer feel satisfied Package Contents: 1 pcs Brand New Battery
The MSI G242C Gaming Monitor delivers immersive visuals with a 23.6″ curved display and Full HD resolution. It enhances gameplay with a 1500R curve that wraps around your field of view. Moreover, the monitor features a 170Hz refresh rate and 1ms response time for smooth motion. This improves clarity in fast-paced games. It uses a VA panel with high contrast and wide viewing angles. This ensures deeper blacks and consistent colors from different positions. Adaptive Sync support helps reduce screen tearing and stuttering. This provides a smoother and more stable gaming experience. The monitor also includes anti-flicker and low blue light features. These help reduce eye strain during long sessions. The MSI G242C Gaming Monitor is a solid choice for users who want curved immersion and smooth performance. Specifications: 23.6″ Full HD curved VA panel with 1500R curvature 170Hz refresh rate for smooth and responsive gameplay 1ms (MPRT) response time for reduced motion blur Adaptive Sync support to eliminate screen tearing Anti-flicker and low blue light technology for eye comfort
The ViewSonic 27″ 75Hz Monitor offers an exceptional viewing experience for both work and play. Its large 27-inch screen provides ample space for multitasking, gaming, and streaming. Featuring a full HD resolution, the ViewSonic 27″ 75Hz Monitor delivers crisp and clear visuals. Whether you’re editing photos, watching videos, or browsing the web, every detail comes to life with stunning clarity. The 75Hz refresh rate ensures smooth and fluid motion, reducing screen tearing and stuttering. This makes it perfect for fast-paced gaming and high-definition video playback. Designed with user comfort in mind, the ViewSonic 27″ 75Hz Monitor features an adjustable stand. You can easily tilt, swivel, and adjust the height to find the perfect viewing angle. The monitor’s slim bezel design provides an immersive viewing experience, minimizing distractions and maximizing screen space. This sleek and modern design complements any workspace or gaming setup. Equipped with multiple connectivity options, the ViewSonic 27″ 75Hz Monitor is versatile and compatible with various devices. It includes HDMI and VGA ports, making it easy to connect to your computer, gaming console, or other peripherals. The ViewSonic 27″ 75Hz Monitor also features built-in speakers for convenient audio playback. Enjoy clear and immersive sound without the need for external speakers. In conclusion, the ViewSonic 27″ 75Hz Monitor combines stunning visuals, smooth performance, and ergonomic design for an enhanced viewing experience. Upgrade to the ViewSonic 27″ 75Hz Monitor today and enjoy a perfect blend of work and play. Specifications: Display : 27″ IPS Resolution : FHD 1920 x 1080 Refresh Rate : 75Hz Response Rate : 1ms MRPT
The Samsung 85″ The Frame QLED 4K Smart TV QA85LS03FAUXTW uses an 85-inch 4K UHD LCD panel with 3840 × 2160 resolution. It is designed for both standard TV viewing and wall-mounted display use. The display uses a QLED layer with Quantum Dot technology to improve color reproduction. As a result, it produces wider color output and more consistent brightness across different content types. In addition, it supports 4K upscaling for lower-resolution video. The TV supports HDR formats for compatible content. This increases contrast between bright and dark areas and improves detail visibility. Also, motion processing reduces blur during fast-moving scenes such as sports and action content. Samsung runs this model on Tizen OS. Therefore, users access streaming apps, SmartThings integration, and smart features through a unified interface. It also supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for wireless device connections. Connectivity includes HDMI ports, USB ports, Ethernet LAN, and optical audio output. It supports external devices such as gaming consoles and sound systems. This model uses The Frame design concept, which allows the TV to function as both a display and a digital art screen when not in use. Specifications: 85-inch 4K UHD LCD panel (3840 × 2160 resolution) Quantum Dot (QLED layer) color enhancement 4K upscaling for lower-resolution content HDR support for compatible content Tizen OS with HDMI, USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet connectivity
