✅ Full Specifications: Model: A4Tech HS-30i Type: Over-Ear Stereo Headset Connectivity: 1 x 3.5mm Combo Jack (for audio + mic) Speaker Driver Unit: 40mm Microphone: Built-in adjustable boom mic Noise-canceling for clear voice capture Frequency Response: Speaker: 20Hz – 20kHz Microphone: 100Hz – 10kHz Impedance: 32 Ohms Sensitivity: Speaker: 105dB ± 3dB Microphone: -58dB ± 3dB Cable Length: Approx. 2 meters Design Features: Adjustable headband Soft ear cushions for long-term comfort Compatibility: PC, laptop, mobile (with combo jack)
GAMDIAS Hermes E3 RGB Mechanical Gaming Keyboard Blue Switch with 19 Built-in Lighting Effects Certified Optical Switches and N-Key Rollover & Anti-Ghosting Functionality (Hermes E3 Black) About this item Extreme Gaming RGB Lighting Modes: This wired keyboard has 19 Build-in RGB backlight modes powered by 16.8 million RGB backlighting for gamers and provide comfortable ambient light for typing. It comes with the adjustable brightness and WASD and Arrow Keys Exchange 8 Additional Multimedia Keys. Compact 60 Percent Design for Mobility: The 60% gaming keyboard is a compact 61-key elegant design for both gaming and office typing for computers, PC and desktops. Blue Switches & Full Anti-ghosting: The classic blue switches provide tactile and audible feedback, deliver accurate and responsive key commands. All keys are fully conflict-free, the perfect choice for intense gameplay and fast typing. All key can be reassigned and macros can be created for effortless operation. Ergonomic & Portable design: The 61 key compact keyboard is not only easy to operate and store, but it also boasts its solid front plate and comes in Classic Black or White touch-up to fit flawlessly into all battle stations. Superior Control: Gain complete control using the responsive mechanical switches with a built-in vertical LED perception sensor and anti-ghosting with N-Key rollover.
FAVOURITE WIRELESS COMBO MK270 Wireless Combo brings together the convenience and comfort of a full-sized keyboard with a sculpted, compact mouse. With media keys, a number pad and precise cursor control to make your work a whole lot smoother. Plus, the lag-free wireless makes setup easy and saves space on your desk. No wonder this is the world best selling combo!7Based on independent sales data (in units) including all the models of the MK270 family for wireless combo aggregated from major global markets including Canada, China, France, Germany, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, UK, US (Nov'19 - Nov'20 period). Retail channel only. FAVOURITE WIRELESS COMBO MK270 Wireless Combo brings together the convenience and comfort of a full-sized keyboard with a sculpted, compact mouse. With media keys, a number pad and precise cursor control to make your work a whole lot smoother. Plus, the lag-free wireless makes setup easy and saves space on your desk. No wonder this is the world best selling combo!7Based on independent sales data (in units) including all the models of the MK270 family for wireless combo aggregated from major global markets including Canada, China, France, Germany, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, UK, US (Nov’19 – Nov’20 period). Retail channel only. Height: 5.87 in (149 mm) Width: 17.36 in (441 mm) Depth: 0.71 in (18 mm) Weight: 17.57 oz (498 g) Height: 3.90 in (99 mm) Width: 2.36 in (60 mm) Depth: 1.54 in (39 mm) Weight: 2.65 oz (75.2 g) Height: 0.74 in (18.7 mm) Width: 0.57 in (14.4 mm) Depth: 0.26 in (6.6 mm) Weight: 0.07 oz (2 g) Spill-resistant design 2Tested under limited conditions (maximum of 60 ml liquid spillage). Do not immerse the keyboard in liquid. Adjustable keyboard height 10-Key Number pad Key type: deep profile Caps lock indicator light On/Off power switch 2 AAA batteries（Alkaline Battery） Battery life: 36 months 3Keyboard battery life calculation based on an estimated two million keystrokes/year in an office environment. User experience may vary. Mouse battery life may vary based on user and computing conditions. Sensor technology: Smooth Optical tracking Number of buttons: 3 (Left/Right-click, Middle click) Scrolling: line-by-line Scroll Wheel: Yes, 2D, optical Connect/Power: On/Off power button 1 AA battery（Alkaline Battery) Battery life: 12 months 4Keyboard battery life calculation based on an estimated two million keystrokes/year in an office environment. User experience may vary. Mouse battery life may vary based on user and computing conditions. Mouse plastics: 49% post-consumer recycled material 5Excludes plastic in printed wiring assembly (PWA), receiver and packaging. Keyboard plastics: 54% post-consumer recycled material 6Excludes plastic in printed wiring assembly (PWA), receiver and packaging. An available USB port ChromeOS Windows 10,11 or later
Arabic Language Silicone Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13" Macbook Pro with / without Retina Display 13"15" 17" MC184LL/B, NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEW MacBook Air 13” A1932 (Black) Arabic Language Silicone Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13″ Macbook Pro with / without Retina Display 13″15″ 17″ MC184LL/B, NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEW MacBook Air 13” A1932 (Black) About this item Only compatible with MacBook Air 13″ (Model: A1369 & A1466) , MacBook Pro 13-Inch with DVD Drive (Model: A1278), Pro 13 inch with Retina Display (Model: A1425 & A1502), Pro 15 inch with DVD Drive (Model: A1286), Pro 15 inch with Retina Display (Model: A1398), Pro 17 inch (Model: A1297) and Apple Wireless Bluetooth Keyboard MC184LL/B (A1314). NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEWEST MacBook Air 13″ 2018 (Model: A1932) Fit for American Version( “Enter” key is a rectangle), DO NOT FIT FOR Europe Version (“Enter” key looks like “7”) Extra slim silicone skin, made it easier for typing. Soft silicone can ELIMINATE THE SOUND when typing FLEXIBLE, WASHABLE, easy to apply and remove for cleaning or disinfecting. Manufactured to the highest quality available, Ultra thin design lets you open and close your computer without any affection
WiWU Minimalist Laptop Handbag – Lightweight, water-resistant bag with soft interior padding, shock protection, and dual compartments.Available in 14″ and 15.6″ sizes, perfect for secure and stylish daily laptop carry. Model: WiWU Minimalist Laptop Handbag Material: Water-resistant polyester exterior with a soft faux-fur padded interior Available Sizes: 14″ and 15.6″ versions to accommodate most laptops Protection: Built-in anti-collision padding and 360° all-around corner protection Compartments: Main laptop compartment (soft-lined) Front organizer section with inner pockets for cables, chargers, phone, and accessories Compartments: Main laptop compartment (soft-lined) Front organizer section with inner pockets for cables, chargers, phone, and accessories Carrying Options: Top handles for hand carry Detachable shoulder strap Luggage strap for trolley attachment Carrying Options: Top handles for hand carry Detachable shoulder strap Luggage strap for trolley attachment Design Features: Durable YKK zippers, reinforced corners, slim profile Weight: Approx. 703 g (14″), 884 g (15.6″) Use Case: Ideal for work, study, travel, and everyday protection of devices
The S3 2-in-1 Bluetooth Headset and Speaker is a versatile audio device that seamlessly transitions between personal listening and shared sound experiences. Designed for both convenience and high-quality audio performance, it caters to diverse user needs. Key Features: Dual Functionality: Operate as traditional over-ear headphones for private listening or twist the earcups outward to activate the external speaker mode, allowing you to share music with others. Superior Sound Quality: Equipped with advanced audio technology, the S3 delivers crisp and clear sound in both headphone and speaker modes, ensuring an immersive listening experience. Active Noise Cancellation (ANC): Reduces ambient noise, enabling users to enjoy music without external interruptions. Comfortable Design: Features extra-padded ear cushions and an adjustable headband, providing long-lasting comfort for extended use. Foldable and Portable: The foldable design makes it easy to carry, making it an ideal companion for travel and daily commutes. Multiple Playback Options: Supports Bluetooth 5.0 for wireless streaming, NFC for quick pairing, TF card slot for direct music playback, and FM radio functionality, offering a variety of listening choices. Long Battery Life: Built-in 600mAh rechargeable battery provides up to 14 hours of playback in headphone mode and 6.5 hours in speaker mode, ensuring uninterrupted entertainment. Integrated Controls and Microphone: Built-in controls allow for easy navigation between tracks, volume adjustment, and call management. The integrated microphone ensures clear hands-free communication.
The Logitech C270 is an affordable, plug-and-play HD webcam delivering 720p video and clear audio—perfect for video calls, remote learning, and everyday communication on Windows, macOS, and ChromeOS. Dual stereo microphones with noise reduction for clearer voice pickup Universal compatibility: Works seamlessly with Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, Skype, and more Plug-and-play USB-A connection: No drivers needed—just connect and start your call Adjustable clip-on mount: Fits laptops, LCD monitors, or tripods (tripod not included) Compact, lightweight design with privacy-friendly lens cover (manual)
The Cudy WR1200 AC1200 Router offers flexible networking with its 5-in-1 functionality and dual-band WiFi speeds up to 1200Mbps. Ideal for home and office use, it provides stable connectivity, wide coverage, and multiple operating modes to suit different network needs. AC1200 Dual Band WiFi – Combined speeds of up to 1200Mbps (300Mbps on 2.4GHz + 867Mbps on 5GHz) for smooth browsing, streaming, and gaming. 5-in-1 Multi-Mode Functionality – Works as Router, Access Point, Range Extender, WISP, and Client for maximum flexibility. Wide Coverage – High-gain antennas ensure strong and stable WiFi signal throughout your home or office. Fast Ethernet Ports – Reliable wired connections for computers, smart TVs, and other devices. Easy Setup & Management – Simple configuration through an intuitive web interface. Stable Multi-Device Performance – Designed to handle multiple connected devices efficiently. Secure Network – WPA/WPA2 encryption keeps your connection safe and private. 1 × WAN Port 4 × LAN Ports Dual Band WiFi (2.4GHz & 5GHz) Ethernet (RJ45) Wireless Security (WPA/WPA2)
Micro Omnidirectionnel CANDC DC-C2 Camescope Candc DC-C2 Lavalier Dual Head Mic Buy Online in Qatar, record high quality sounds using this branded duel mic. Candc DC-C2 is a Dual Omnidirectional lavalier microphone, designed for Smartphones, DSLR, Camcorders, Audio recorders PC, etc. PRODUCT DETAILS OF CANDC DC-C2 LAVALIER COLLAR MICROPHONE FOR CANON NIKON DSLR CAMCORDER
WIWU SW03 Sports Smart Watch - Vermilion | Fitness Tracking, Heart Rate Monitoring, Sleep Analysis | Waterproof, Long Battery Life | Compatible with iPhone, Android, iPad, and Tablets WIWU SW03 Sports Smart Watch – Vermilion | Fitness Tracking, Heart Rate Monitoring, Sleep Analysis | Waterproof, Long Battery Life | Compatible with iPhone, Android, iPad, and Tablets WIWU SW03 Sports Smart Watch : Display: 1.28-inch TFT LCD, 240×240 resolution (full-round display) Sport Modes: 13 sport modes for fitness tracking Health Monitoring: Heart rate monitoring, sleep tracking, step counting Bluetooth Features: Supports Bluetooth calls and notification synchronization Water Resistance: IP68 rating (can be submerged up to 1.5m for 30 minutes) Battery: 200mAh, magnetic charging (full charge in ~2 hours) Battery Life: Over 25 days standby time Build Material: PC/ABS plastic for durability
SS03XL 933321-855 Laptop Battery Replace for Hp EliteBook 840 G5 G6 Notebook 730 735 740 745 830 846 G5 840 G6 735 745 830 G6 ZBook 14U G5 G6 Series HSN-I13C-4 HSTNN-LB8G 932823-421 933321-852 50Wh About this item 【Basic Details】Item Model: SS03XL; Battery Type: Li-ion; Voltage: 11.55V; Capacity: 50Wh/4330mAh; Battery Color: Black. 【Compatible P/N 】SS03XL SS03 933321-855 / 932823-171 / 933321-852 932823-1C1 / 932823-271 / 932823-2C1 / 932823-421 / HSN-112C / HSN-113C-4 / HSN-I13C-4 / HSN-I12C / HSTNN-IB8C / HSTNN-LB8G / HSTNN-DB8J / SS03050XL 【Compatible Laptop Models】HP Elitebook 840 G5/ 730 G5/ 735 G5/ 740 G5/ 745 G5/ 836 G5/ 846 G5 Series; HP Elitebook 840 G6/ 735 G6/ 745 G6/ 830 G6 Series; HP ZBook 14U G5 Series; HP ZBook 14U G6 Series; HP MT44 Mobile Thin Client
The HyperX Pulsefire Haste 2 Core Wireless is an ultra-lightweight, high-performance gaming mouse designed for speed, precision, and long-lasting comfort. Featuring dual-mode wireless connectivity and an operating weight of just 70 grams, it delivers low-latency competitive gaming powered by a single AAA battery. ✅ Full Specifications: Model: HyperX Pulsefire Haste 2 Core Wireless (White Edition / 8R2E7AA) Interface / Connection: Dual Wireless Connection Modes: High-speed 2.4GHz Wireless (via included USB-A nano receiver) Bluetooth 5.2 (Power-efficient mode for casual use and multi-device pairing) Interface / Connection: Dual Wireless Connection Modes: High-speed 2.4GHz Wireless (via included USB-A nano receiver) Bluetooth 5.2 (Power-efficient mode for casual use and multi-device pairing) Performance & Sensor: Sensor Type: HyperX Custom Core Optical Sensor Max Resolution: Up to 12,000 DPI DPI Presets: 400 / 800 / 1600 / 3200 DPI Tracking Speed: 300 IPS Acceleration: 35G Polling Rate: Up to 1,000Hz (1ms response time) Performance & Sensor: Sensor Type: HyperX Custom Core Optical Sensor Max Resolution: Up to 12,000 DPI DPI Presets: 400 / 800 / 1600 / 3200 DPI Tracking Speed: 300 IPS Acceleration: 35G Polling Rate: Up to 1,000Hz (1ms response time) Switches & Durability: Main Left/Right Switches: Tactile TTC Gold Switches Switch Lifespan: Rated for up to 20 million clicks Total Buttons: 6 programmable buttons (including 2 thumb side buttons) Switches & Durability: Main Left/Right Switches: Tactile TTC Gold Switches Switch Lifespan: Rated for up to 20 million clicks Total Buttons: 6 programmable buttons (including 2 thumb side buttons) Material & Build: Durable solid-upper shell with low-friction PTFE skates for seamless gliding across cloth mouse pads Design & Form Factor: Lightweight, symmetrical ergonomic frame suitable for various grip styles (palm, claw, fingertip) Lighting Effects: Customizable onboard LED RGB lighting Battery & Power: Battery Type: User-replaceable, 1x AAA Alkaline Battery Battery Life: Up to 100 hours (on 2.4GHz mode) or up to 200 hours (on Bluetooth mode) Battery & Power: Battery Type: User-replaceable, 1x AAA Alkaline Battery Battery Life: Up to 100 hours (on 2.4GHz mode) or up to 200 hours (on Bluetooth mode) Security & Software: Fully compatible with HyperX NGENUITY software for button remapping, macro recording, and custom RGB profile management Compatibility: PC, Xbox Series X|S, Xbox One, PlayStation 5 (PS5), PlayStation 4 (PS4), and Mac Dimensions: Approx. 124.3 x 66.8 x 38.2 mm Weight: Mouse Only: Approx. 60 grams Operating Weight (with AAA battery): Approx. 70 grams Weight: Mouse Only: Approx. 60 grams Operating Weight (with AAA battery): Approx. 70 grams
✅ Full Specifications: Model: A4Tech Bloody GR370 Interface / Connection: Triple-Connection Mode: 2.4GHz Wireless (via USB-A Nano Receiver for ultra-low latency) Bluetooth v5.0 (For mobile devices and tablets) 3.5mm Wired Mode (Includes 4-pin 3.5mm audio cable for zero-power use) Audio Technology: 50mm M.O.C.I. Hybrid Diaphragm Drivers (Reduces high-frequency distortion and delivers clear, punchy bass) Performance / Speed: 2.4GHz “Sync-to-Life” low-latency technology (comparable to wired performance) Frequency Response: 20Hz – 20kHz Microphone: Detachable Unidirectional Noise-Canceling Microphone with LED mute indicator Material & Build: Lightweight headband design with soft, protein leather ear pads for extended gaming sessions Design & Form Factor: Over-ear, ergonomic closed-back design with integrated volume and mute controls on the earcup Battery Life: Built-in 1050mAh lithium battery providing up to 45 hours of playback time (depending on volume levels) Compatibility: PC, Mac, PlayStation (PS4/PS5), Nintendo Switch, Android, and iOS Dimensions: Approx. 195 x 100 x 205 mm Weight: Approx. 290 grams
0G74G Laptop Battery Replacement for Dell Latitude 5300 2-in-1 5310 7300 7400 Series Notebook OG74G 02PFPW 2PFPW 3KF82 8JYHH 11.4V 42Wh 3-Cell About this item Specification: Battery type: Li-ion. Color: Black. Voltage: 11.4V. Capacity: 42Wh/3Cell. New from Manufacturer Replace Part Number: For MXV9V 0G74G 00G74G 2PFPW 3KF82 8JYHH Compatible Models: Replacement for Dell Latitude 5300 E5300 / 5300 2-in-1 / 5310 E5310 / 5310 2-in-1 / 7300 E7300 / 7400 E7400 Series (Important Note: NOT fit for latitude 7400 2-in-1 Series) Note: The Dell laptop models on this product page are compatible with 2 battery models: 0G74G (42Wh 3-Cell 11.4V) , MXV9V(60Wh 4-Cell 7.6V). Please open the back cover of your laptop to check the original battery size and capacity before placing an order. Make sure that the battery model you need is 0G74G (42Wh 3-Cell 11.4V). Note: If the new battery is not recognized during the initial installation, please reinstall and check if the interface is fully connected. Discharge the new battery to 10-20% (not 0%), then charge and cycle 3-4 times to wake up the new battery
TP-Link AC1200 Archer C50 Wireless Dual Band Router Support smooth 4K streaming with AC1200 Wi-Fi 4 external antennas provide stable wireless connections and optimal coverage Easy network management at your fingertips with TP-Link Tether Supports IGMP Proxy/Snooping, Bridge, and Tag VLAN to optimize IPTV streaming Supports Access Point mode to create a new Wi-Fi access point TP-Link AC1200 Archer C50 Wireless Dual Band Router Support smooth 4K streaming with AC1200 Wi-Fi 4 external antennas provide stable wireless connections and optimal coverage Easy network management at your fingertips with TP-Link Tether Supports IGMP Proxy/Snooping, Bridge, and Tag VLAN to optimize IPTV streaming Supports Access Point mode to create a new Wi-Fi access point TP-Link Archer C50 – AC1200 Wireless Dual Band Router Wireless Speed: Up to 1200 Mbps (300 Mbps on 2.4GHz + 867 Mbps on 5GHz) Wi-Fi Standard: 802.11ac – 3x faster than wireless N speeds Bands: Dual Band (2.4GHz & 5GHz) for reduced interference and better performance Antenna: 4 External Antennas for strong and stable wireless coverage Ports: 4× LAN, 1× WAN (10/100 Mbps) Advanced Features: Parental Controls, Guest Network, IPv6 Support, Access Control Security: WPA/WPA2 encryption for secure wireless connections Ease of Use: Easy setup with TP-Link Tether App Ideal For: HD streaming, online gaming, and high-speed downloads in homes and small offices
WiWU Durable USB C to Type C PD 60W Fast Charging Cable for Mobile Phone Laptop Tablet
Mouschi Field Computer Mouse Pad, Non-Slip Rubber Base and Textured Stitched Edge Mousepads, Mouse Pad Pack for Office and Home Mouschi Field Computer Mouse Pad, Non-Slip Rubber Base and Textured Stitched Edge Mousepads, Mouse Pad Pack for Office and Home Brand: Mouschi Size: Small – 290 X 240 X 3mm Medium – 360 X 300 X 3mm Large – 450 X 400 X 4 mm X-Large – 900 X 420 X 4 mm Color: Black Recommended uses for product: Gaming Material: fabric Mouschi Field Mouse Pad Micro-Weave Fabric: Creates a dense surface for a faster and smoother glide for your mouse. Durable Stitched Anti-Fray Edges: 360° of stitching guards against surface peeling. Staying Power: An anti-skid textured rubber base keeps the mouse pad securely in place even during the most intense gaming sessions. Brand: Mouschi Size: Small – 290 X 240 X 3mm Medium – 360 X 300 X 3mm Large – 450 X 400 X 4 mm X-Large – 900 X 420 X 4 mm Color: Black Recommended uses for product: Gaming Material: fabric
The 45W MagSafe 2 Power Adapter features a magnetic DC connector so if someone should trip over it, the cord disconnects harmlessly and your MacBook Air stays put safely. It also helps prevent fraying or weakening of the cables over time. In addition, the magnetic DC helps guide the plug into the system for a quick and secure connection. The 45W MagSafe 2 Power Adapter features a magnetic DC connector so if someone should trip over it, the cord disconnects harmlessly and your MacBook Air stays put safely. It also helps prevent fraying or weakening of the cables over time. In addition, the magnetic DC helps guide the plug into the system for a quick and secure connection. When the connection is secure, an LED located at the head of the DC connector lights up; an amber light lets you know that your notebook is charging, while a green light tells you that you have a full charge. An AC cord is provided with the adapter for maximum cord length, while the AC wall adapter (also provided) gives you an even easier and more compact way to travel. Designed to be the perfect traveling companion, the adapter has a clever design which allows the DC cable to be wound neatly around itself for easy cable storage. This power adapter recharges the lithium polymer battery while the system is off, on, or in sleep mode. It also powers the system if you choose to operate without a battery. Compatible only with MacBook Air featuring MagSafe 2 power port. Knowing which specific Mac model you have is important. If you are running OS X Lion (10.7) or later go to the “” menu at the top left of your screen, choose “About this Mac” then click the “More Info…” button. Your Mac model and generation will be displayed. If you are running an earlier version of OS X, you can enter your serial number here to find out which model you have. Mac Models MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015 – 2017) MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015)
Apple 60W MagSafe Power Adapter (for MacBook and 13-inch MacBook Pro) The 60 Watt MagSafe Power Adapter features a magnetic DC connector that ensures your power cable will disconnect if it experiences undue strain and helps prevent fraying or weakening of the cables over time. In addition, the magnetic DC helps guide the plug into the system for a quick and secure connection. When the connection is secure, an LED located at the head of the DC connector will light up; an amber light lets you know that your portable is charging, while a green light tells you that you have a full charge. An AC lead is provided with the adapter for maximum lead length, while the AC wall adapter (also provided) gives users an even easier and more compact way to travel. Designed to be the perfect travelling companion, the adapter has a clever design that allows the DC cable to be wound neatly around itself for easy cable storage. This power adapter recharges the lithium polymer battery while the system is off, on, or in sleep mode. It also powers the system if you choose to operate without a battery. Compatible with MacBook and 13-inch MacBook Pro. See this article for more details about choosing the right one. Knowing which specific Mac model you have is important. If you are running OS X Lion (10.7) or later, go to the “” menu at the top left of your screen, choose “About this Mac” then click the “More Info…” button. Your Mac model and generation will be displayed. If you are running an earlier version of OS X, you can enter your serial number here to find out which model you have.
WiWU WM108 Wimice Dual‑Mode Mouse – Bluetooth 5.0 and 2.4 GHz wireless mouse with 800/1200/1600 DPI, silent clicks, and ergonomic ABS housing.Long battery life (~6 months standby), USB dongle & silent design—ideal for travel, office, and quiet environments. Model: WiWU Wimice WM108 Connection Modes: Bluetooth 5.0 2.4 GHz wireless via USB dongle Connection Modes: Bluetooth 5.0 2.4 GHz wireless via USB dongle DPI Settings: 800 / 1,200 / 1,600 DPI (adjustable) Buttons: 3 standard buttons + clickable scroll wheel (4 keys total) Range: Up to 10 m wireless connectivity Material/Design: Lightweight (67–130 g, depending on source), ergonomic ABS plastic body, magnetic base or “super magnetic absorption” design Operating Range: ≈10 m Silent Clicks: Quiet operation—silent key action Dimensions: Approx. 108 × 64 × 36 mm Weight: 67 g cited by Star Tech and 130 g by others—likely lighter in official spec Compatibility: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, etc. Plug-and-play, no driver needed
