Are you in search of a monitor that elevates your gaming experience? Look no further than the Philips 27″ 75Hz 27E1N5600HE LCD Monitor. Designed with gamers in mind, this monitor offers a perfect blend of performance and visual quality. Featuring a generous 27-inch display, the Philips monitor provides ample screen real estate for immersive gaming sessions. Lose yourself in stunning visuals and vibrant colors that bring your games to life. With a refresh rate of 75Hz, this monitor delivers smoother gameplay compared to standard displays. Say goodbye to motion blur and screen tearing, and enjoy a more responsive gaming experience. Equipped with Adaptive-Sync technology, the Philips monitor synchronizes the refresh rate with your GPU, reducing stuttering and input lag. Enjoy seamless gameplay, whether you’re exploring vast landscapes or engaging in fast-paced action. The ultra-narrow bezel design creates a seamless multi-monitor setup, perfect for immersive gaming or multitasking. Dive into your favorite games without distractions, and enjoy a more immersive gaming experience. Designed for comfort and convenience, the Philips monitor features adjustable tilt for optimal viewing angles. Whether you’re sitting at your desk or lounging in your gaming chair, you can find the perfect position for extended gaming sessions. In summary, the Philips 27″ 75Hz 27E1N5600HE LCD Monitor is a must-have for gamers seeking smooth performance and immersive visuals. Upgrade your gaming setup with this feature-packed monitor and take your gaming experience to new heights. Specifications: Display : 27″ IPS Resolution : 2560 x 1440 QHD Refresh Rate : 75hz Response Rater : 4ms
AOC 27G4 27-inch 180Hz gaming monitor delivers fast and responsive performance for competitive gameplay. It focuses on smooth motion, low latency, and reliable visual clarity for daily gaming. Additionally, it features a 27-inch IPS panel with Full HD resolution (1920 × 1080). This panel provides consistent colors and wide viewing angles, so it improves both gaming and general use. Moreover, the monitor supports a 180Hz refresh rate with 1ms GtG response time. As a result, it delivers smooth motion and reduces blur during fast-paced scenes. The display also includes 0.5ms MPRT technology. Therefore, it minimizes ghosting and improves motion clarity in competitive games. In addition, it supports Adaptive Sync and G-SYNC compatibility. This reduces screen tearing and stuttering, so gameplay remains stable and responsive. Furthermore, it includes HDR10 support and Low Input Lag mode. These features enhance image quality and improve reaction speed during gameplay. The design features a three-sided frameless layout with HDMI and DisplayPort connectivity. It also supports VESA mounting for flexible setup options. AOC 27G4 27-inch 180Hz gaming monitor provides smooth performance, fast response, and essential features for competitive and everyday gaming. Specifications: 27-inch IPS panel with Full HD 1920 × 1080 resolution 180Hz refresh rate for ultra-smooth gameplay 1ms GtG response time with 0.5ms MPRT support Adaptive Sync and G-SYNC compatible technology HDR10 support with low input lag mode
The MSI MAG 345CQRF E20 gaming monitor delivers an immersive ultrawide experience for demanding users. It features a large curved screen that improves focus and enhances gameplay. Therefore, players enjoy a wider field of view and better visual depth. Moreover, the near-4K resolution provides sharp details and clear image quality across the 34-inch panel. The Rapid VA panel ensures strong contrast and deep blacks for richer visuals. In addition, the 240Hz refresh rate enables ultra-smooth motion during fast-paced gaming. The fast response time helps reduce motion blur and improves clarity in action scenes. As a result, players gain better precision and faster reactions. Furthermore, the curved design increases comfort and keeps visuals consistent across the screen. In addition, adaptive sync technology minimizes screen tearing and stuttering for stable performance. The monitor also supports multiple input options, allowing easy connection to gaming systems and PCs. MSI MAG 345CQRF E20 monitor provides a powerful balance of speed and immersion. Specifications: 34-inch ultrawide curved display Near-4K resolution for detailed visuals 200Hz refresh rate for ultra-smooth gameplay Rapid VA panel with high contrast Adaptive sync support for tear-free performance
A lightweight and efficient pre-owned Lenovo ThinkPad T14s Gen 2 with 14" display, AMD Ryzen 5 5650U, 16GB RAM, and 256GB SSD—delivering strong performance, all-day battery life, and premium portability for professionals and students.
The Lenovo Legion 24″ 320Hz FHD Gaming Monitor is designed for competitive gamers seeking ultra-smooth visuals. First, its 1920 × 1080 Full HD resolution delivers sharp and clear images for fast-paced games. The 320Hz refresh rate ensures fluid motion and reduced screen tearing. In addition, the 0.5ms response time minimizes ghosting and motion blur. Moreover, adaptive sync technology enhances smooth gameplay across various titles. The sleek slim-bezel design fits seamlessly into any gaming setup. Furthermore, its ergonomic stand allows height and tilt adjustments for comfortable long gaming sessions. Finally, the Lenovo Legion 24″ 320Hz FHD Gaming Monitor combines high refresh performance, fast response, and adaptive sync in one competitive display. Overall, it is ideal for esports players and serious gaming enthusiasts. Specifications: 24″ Full HD 1920 × 1080 resolution 320Hz ultra-fast refresh rate 0.5ms response time for minimal ghosting Adaptive sync for smooth gameplay Ergonomic stand with height and tilt adjustment
The Lenovo L24E-30 24″ 60Hz Monitor offers a perfect blend of style and performance for your computing needs. Whether you’re working, gaming, or streaming, this monitor delivers an exceptional visual experience. With its 24-inch Full HD display, the Lenovo L24E-30 provides crisp and clear visuals. Enjoy stunning detail and vibrant colors that bring your content to life, whether you’re editing photos or watching videos. The 60Hz refresh rate of the Lenovo L24E-30 ensures smooth and fluid motion, reducing screen tearing and ghosting. This makes it ideal for fast-paced games and dynamic videos, offering a more immersive experience. Designed with a slim and sleek profile, the Lenovo L24E-30 adds a modern touch to any workspace. Its narrow bezels create a seamless multi-monitor setup, allowing you to expand your view effortlessly. Featuring AMD FreeSync technology, the Lenovo L24E-30 synchronizes the monitor’s refresh rate with your graphics card. This reduces screen stuttering and provides a smoother gaming experience, even during intense action scenes. The Lenovo L24E-30 24″ 60Hz Monitor is equipped with multiple connectivity options, including HDMI and VGA ports. This ensures compatibility with a wide range of devices, making it a versatile addition to your setup. For comfortable viewing, the Lenovo L24E-30 includes eye-care features like low blue light and flicker-free technology. These features help reduce eye strain during long hours of use, enhancing your overall comfort. In conclusion, the Lenovo L24E-30 24″ 60Hz Monitor combines stylish design, smooth performance, and eye-care features for an outstanding viewing experience. Upgrade to the Lenovo L24E-30 today and enjoy enhanced productivity and entertainment. Specifications: Display : 24″ VA Resolution : FHD 1920 x 1080 Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Rate : 4ms
MacBook Air 13″ Retina A1932(2018-2019-2020) Display Assembly (Silver) MacBook Air 13″ Retina Display 2019 A1932 (EMC 3184 MacBookAir8,2) 1.6 GHz MacBook Air 13″ Retina Display 2020 A2179 (EMC 3302 MacBookAir9,1) 1.1 GHz Core i3 A2179 (EMC 3302 MacBookAir9,1) 1.1 GHz Core i5 A2179 (EMC 3302 MacBookAir9,1) 1.2 GHz Core i7 MacBook Air 13” Retina Display Late 2018 A1932 (EMC 3184 MacBookAir8,1) 1.6 GHz
A versatile wireless 2D barcode scanner with desk stand—Beurotika BS104WS supports auto-scan, continuous, and manual modes, with up to 200 scans per second and a 2000mAh rechargeable battery for all-day use. The Beurotika BS104WS is a high-performance wireless 2.4GHz 2D barcode scanner designed for retail, warehouse, logistics, and office environments. It comes with a convenient desktop stand for hands-free operation and features a 32-bit high-speed processor for fast, accurate decoding of 1D and 2D barcodes—including QR Code, Data Matrix, PDF417, and more Three scanning modes: Auto-scan, continuous scan, and manual trigger—ideal for different workflow needs Scanning speed: Up to 200 scans per second for rapid data capture Wireless range: Reliable 2.4GHz connection (via USB dongle) for cord-free mobility Built-in battery: 3.7V 2000mAh lithium-ion battery offering up to 16 hours of continuous use Ergonomic handheld design with desk stand for flexible countertop or portable use Plug-and-play setup via USB receiver—no drivers required for most systems
Genuine-spec touchpad flex cable compatible with both MacBook Air A2179 (Intel, 2020) and A2337 (M1, 2020)—restores full Force Touch functionality, haptic feedback, and precise multi-touch gesture control during trackpad repair or replacement. Compatible With: MacBook Air 13″ (2020, Intel) – Model A2179 (Model Identifier: MacBookAir9,1) MacBook Air 13″ (2020, Apple M1) – Model A2337 (Model Identifier: MacBookAir10,1) MacBook Air 13″ (2020, Intel) – Model A2179 (Model Identifier: MacBookAir9,1) MacBook Air 13″ (2020, Apple M1) – Model A2337 (Model Identifier: MacBookAir10,1) ✅ Important Note: Despite different processors (Intel vs. M1), Apple used the same trackpad assembly and flex cable in both A2179 and A2337. This makes the flex cable fully interchangeable between the two models. Part Type: Touchpad flex cable only — does not include the trackpad housing, Taptic Engine, or mounting hardware. This is the OEM-style ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the logic board. Function: Transmits: Touch input coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support: Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, pinch-to-zoom, and smooth cursor tracking. Touch input coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support: Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, pinch-to-zoom, and smooth cursor tracking. OEM-Quality Build: Matches Apple’s original specifications in: Cable length and routing path Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Cable length and routing path Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Common Use Cases: Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, loss of Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is compromised Fixing intermittent trackpad behavior, loss of Force Touch, or complete unresponsiveness Installation Note: Requires full bottom case removal and battery disconnection. Cable routes under the right side of the battery and logic board. Connects via a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—align carefully and latch gently. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only. Requires full bottom case removal and battery disconnection. Cable routes under the right side of the battery and logic board. Connects via a ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—align carefully and latch gently. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only.
The ASUS ProArt PA329CRV 32″ 4K Professional Monitor delivers amazing clarity for creative work. It offers a large 32-inch screen with sharp 4K detail. Every image looks clean and accurate. This makes it ideal for editing and design projects. Moreover, the ASUS ProArt PA329CRV 32″ 4K Professional Monitor includes factory-calibrated color accuracy. It shows precise colors for photos, videos, and artwork. The wide color gamut helps you view rich and natural tones. This ensures professional results in every task. In addition, the monitor features HDR support. It improves brightness, contrast, and depth in your visuals. Your projects look more realistic and detailed. This boosts your productivity and viewing experience. Furthermore, the ASUS ProArt PA329CRV 32″ 4K Professional Monitor includes a USB-C port. It provides display output, data transfer, and power delivery. This makes your workspace cleaner and more organized. It is perfect for creators using laptops. Also, the monitor offers an ergonomic stand. You can tilt, turn, pivot, or adjust the height easily. This helps you work comfortably for long hours. The design supports healthy posture and better workflow. The slim and modern look of the ASUS ProArt PA329CRV 32″ 4K Professional Monitor fits any studio. The thin bezels make multi-monitor setups cleaner. The build quality feels strong and long lasting. This makes it a reliable tool for professionals. Overall, the ASUS ProArt PA329CRV 32″ 4K Professional Monitor delivers accuracy, clarity, and productivity in one display. It supports creative work with true-to-life colors and advanced features. It is a great choice for editors, designers, and photographers who need perfect visuals. Specifications: Display : 32″ IPS Resolution : 4K Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Time : 5ms Fully Adjustable
LG 27 inch 4K IPS Monitor 27UP850N-W is designed for sharp visuals, productivity, and content work. It features a 27-inch UHD IPS display with accurate color performance. Additionally, it supports HDR10 and USB Type-C connectivity. Therefore, it works well for office use, creative tasks, and media viewing. The LG 27UP850N-W delivers 3840 × 2160 resolution with a 60Hz refresh rate and 5ms response time. Moreover, it includes VESA DisplayHDR 400 and DCI-P3 95% color coverage for improved color accuracy. It also provides USB-C with up to 90W power delivery, HDMI, and DisplayPort inputs. In addition, it supports AMD FreeSync for smoother visuals during light gaming and video playback. Furthermore, it includes ergonomic adjustments such as height, tilt, and pivot support. As a result, users can maintain a comfortable viewing position during long work sessions. It also includes built-in features like Reader Mode and Black Stabilizer for eye comfort and better detail visibility. manufacturer link Specifications: 27-inch 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) IPS display VESA DisplayHDR 400 with DCI-P3 95% color gamut USB Type-C with up to 90W power delivery 60Hz refresh rate with AMD FreeSync support Height, tilt, and pivot adjustable ergonomic stand
The HP ProLiant DL360 Gen9 is a powerful 1U rack server equipped with 2x Intel Xeon E5-2660 v3 processors, 64GB DDR4 RAM, and 8x 300GB SAS 2.5-inch drives for fast and reliable storage. Ideal for virtualization, enterprise workloads, and data center deployments.
WIWU Osun PU Leather Backpack – Stylish and compact bag crafted from water-resistant PU leather; fits 15.6″ laptops yet weighs only ~387 g.Offers organized storage, durable build, and comfy straps—perfect for daily commutes, work, or travel. Model: WIWU Osun PU Leather Notebook Backpack Material: Water-resistant 1680D polyester exterior with upscale PU leather finish Laptop Compartment: Padded sleeve fits up to 15.6″ laptops, shock-resistant protection Design: Compact “mini” size (26.5 × 21 × 6 cm), yet offers large internal capacity Pockets: Front zip pocket for phone and accessories; interior organization for tech and essentials Comfort: Adjustable padded shoulder straps, soft and skin-friendly inner lining Weight: Approximately 387 g (including packing) Extras: Sleek metal WIWU logo; suitable for travel, business, daily commuting
The Royal Kludge RK61 is an ultra-compact 60% mechanical gaming keyboard featuring brilliant RGB backlighting and smooth, linear RK Red switches. Equipped with versatile triple-mode connectivity (Bluetooth, 2.4GHz wireless, and USB-C wired), it offers maximum flexibility and a clean, cable-free desktop layout optimized for both competitive gaming and office productivity. ✅ Full Specifications: Model: Royal Kludge RK61 (61 Keys) — Black Edition Interface / Connection: Triple Mode Connection (3C): Wireless 2.4GHz (via included USB dongle) Bluetooth 5.1 (Pairs with up to 3 devices simultaneously) Wired USB Type-C (Detachable cable included) Interface / Connection: Triple Mode Connection (3C): Wireless 2.4GHz (via included USB dongle) Bluetooth 5.1 (Pairs with up to 3 devices simultaneously) Wired USB Type-C (Detachable cable included) Switch Type: RK Red Mechanical Switches (Linear feel, smooth and quiet keystrokes, ideal for fast-paced gaming and quiet office typing) Hot-Swappable PCB: Yes (Supports easy replacement of 3-pin or 5-pin switches without soldering) Layout: Compact 60% Minimalism Layout, 61 Keys (US QWERTY / Arabic-English dual print variants supported) Backlighting: Full dynamic RGB Backlight with 18 customizable lighting modes, 8 monochrome modes, and adjustable brightness/speed Material & Build: Durable ABS polymer housing with high-quality ergonomically curved keycaps to reduce hand fatigue Design & Form Factor: Compact, space-saving design with a built-in 8° ergonomic typing angle for optimal comfort Battery Capacity: 1450mAh rechargeable battery built-in (Up to 13 hours of continuous use with backlighting active, high standby efficiency) Compatibility: Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Linux, and major gaming consoles Dimensions: Approx. 289 x 103 x 39 mm (11.4 x 4 x 1.6 inches) Weight: Approx. 0.50 kg (1.1 lbs)
The ViewSonic VX2479-HD-PRO is a 24-inch monitor designed to deliver stunning visuals and smooth performance for gaming, work, or entertainment. Whether you’re streaming videos, editing documents, or playing your favorite games, this monitor ensures vibrant colors and sharp details. Featuring a Full HD resolution of 1920×1080 pixels, the ViewSonic VX2479 provides crystal-clear image quality. You can enjoy a high-definition viewing experience that brings your movies, games, and content to life. This monitor comes equipped with an IPS panel, which offers wide viewing angles and consistent color reproduction. Whether you’re looking at the screen from the side or straight on, the picture quality remains bright and accurate. The ViewSonic VX2479-HD-PRO also supports a 75Hz refresh rate, ensuring smooth and fluid visuals. This makes it ideal for fast-paced gaming and action-packed scenes, reducing motion blur and providing a more enjoyable experience. With multiple connectivity options, including HDMI and DisplayPort, the ViewSonic VX2479 offers easy connections to your PC, gaming console, or other devices. Switching between work and play is quick and hassle-free. Designed with a sleek, frameless design, this monitor adds a modern touch to any workspace or gaming setup. It is lightweight and easy to set up, making it perfect for both home and office use. In conclusion, the ViewSonic VX2479-HD-PRO offers a stunning blend of sharp visuals, vibrant colors, and smooth performance. Upgrade your setup with this versatile monitor and experience high-quality viewing for work and play. Specifications: Resolution : FHD Display : 24″ IPS Refresh Rate : 180Hz Response Time : 1ms
Genuine-spec keyboard replacement for MacBook Air 13″ (Model A2179, 2020, Intel) — choose US QWERTY or UK QWERTY (with £ symbol). Features Apple’s reliable scissor-switch mechanism, backlighting, and OEM-fit design for seamless performance and aesthetics. Compatible With: MacBook Air 13-inch (2020, Model A2179, EMC 3597) with Intel Core i3/i5/i7 processors (non-M1). Layout Options (select at purchase): US Layout: Standard QWERTY with wide Enter key, @ above 2, # above 3, and full inverted-T arrow keys. UK Layout: QWERTY with £ symbol, tall vertical Enter key, @ accessed via right Alt, and UK-specific punctuation—matches Apple’s official UK regional configuration. US Layout: Standard QWERTY with wide Enter key, @ above 2, # above 3, and full inverted-T arrow keys. UK Layout: QWERTY with £ symbol, tall vertical Enter key, @ accessed via right Alt, and UK-specific punctuation—matches Apple’s official UK regional configuration. Keyboard Type: Traditional scissor-switch mechanism (not Butterfly, not Magic Keyboard)—robust, tactile, and serviceable, with good key travel and proven durability. Integrated Features: Full backlit keys for low-light use Ambient light sensor compatibility OEM-style ribbon cable pre-attached for direct logic board connection Full backlit keys for low-light use Ambient light sensor compatibility OEM-style ribbon cable pre-attached for direct logic board connection Precision Build: Molded to exact Apple specifications—ensures flush mounting, consistent key alignment, and seamless integration into the original top case. Installation Note: Keyboard is screw-mounted with light adhesive—more accessible than glued Butterfly/Magic keyboards. Requires top case access and battery disconnect. Suitable for intermediate DIYers or professional technicians. Important: This is keyboard only—does not include the top case, battery, trackpad, or logic board. Not compatible with M1 MacBook Air (A2337/A2338) or M2 models (A2681/A2941). This is keyboard only—does not include the top case, battery, trackpad, or logic board. Not compatible with M1 MacBook Air (A2337/A2338) or M2 models (A2681/A2941). Model Verification: Confirm your device is MacBook Air A2179 (13″, Intel, 2020) via > About This Mac > Model Identifier (e.g., MacBookAir9,1).
A31N1319 A41N1308 A41 Battery for Asus X451 X551 X451C X451CA X551C X551CA X551CA-SX024H X551CA-SX029H X551CA-DH21 X551CA-0051A2117U D550 0B110-00250100 About this item Fully compatible with your original battery, brand new from Professional Manufacturer, CE RoHS certified, grade A cells ensure fast charges and low power consumption; Built-in circuit protection ensures safety and stability. Expected operation time: 1.5-3 hours. This may vary depending on the device type and how it is used. Fits models: X451 X551 X451C X451CA X551C X551CA A41 D550 X45li9c X551CA-0051A2117U X551CA-DH21 X551CA-SX024H X551CA-SX029H Compatible Part Numbers 0B110-00250100 A41N1308 A31LJ91 A31N1319 A41N1308 X45LI9C YU12008-13007D YU12125-13002 More Part numbers of compatible batteries and Computers are listed in the Product Description
Genuine-spec US layout keyboard replacement for MacBook Pro 15″ (Models A1706 and A1707, 2016–2017)—featuring Apple’s second-generation Butterfly mechanism, backlighting, and full OEM compatibility for professional-grade repairs. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 15″ (2016, Model A1707) MacBook Pro 15″ (2017, Model A1706) Both models include Touch Bar and are powered by Intel Core i7/i9 processors. MacBook Pro 15″ (2016, Model A1707) MacBook Pro 15″ (2017, Model A1706) Both models include Touch Bar and are powered by Intel Core i7/i9 processors. Layout: Standard US English (QWERTY) with full-size keys, inverted-T arrow keys, and dedicated function row (mapped to Touch Bar). Keyboard Type: Apple’s 2nd-generation Butterfly mechanism—thinner profile with reduced travel; known for sensitivity but requires careful handling. Integrated Features: Backlit keys, ambient light sensor support, and original ribbon cable connector matching Apple’s design for direct logic board attachment. Build & Fit: Precision-engineered to align flush with the top case—ensures consistent key height and tactile response when properly installed. Installation Note: The keyboard is glued into the top case and must be carefully removed and re-adhered. Requires full disassembly of display, battery, and internal components. Recommended for experienced technicians only.
BenQ Board Essential Series 65 inch RE6504FV is designed for classrooms, meeting rooms, and interactive collaboration. It features a 65-inch 4K UHD IPS display with precision IR touch technology for smooth writing and presentations. Additionally, it supports up to 40 touch points. Therefore, it helps teams and teachers work together more efficiently. The BenQ RE6504FV delivers 3840 × 2160 resolution with 450 nits brightness and anti-glare coating for clear viewing in bright rooms. Moreover, it uses 9H tempered glass for better durability and safer daily use. It also includes low blue light and flicker-free technology to reduce eye strain. In addition, it runs on Android 14 with 8GB memory and 128GB storage depending on region for smooth system performance. Furthermore, it provides 3 HDMI 2.0 ports, DisplayPort, USB-A, USB-C with 65W PD, and USB-B for flexible connectivity. As a result, users can connect laptops, cameras, and classroom devices easily. It also includes an 8-microphone array, built-in camera, and 2 × 20W speakers for daily educational and business use. Specifications: 65-inch 4K UHD (3840 × 2160) IPS display Precision IR touch with up to 40 touch points Android 14 with 8GB RAM and 128GB storage 450 nits brightness with anti-glare 9H tempered glass USB-C 65W PD, 8-mic array, camera, and dual 20W speakers
The MSI Optix G321CQP Monitor delivers smooth gaming with a 165Hz refresh rate and curved 31.5-inch display. It suits immersive gameplay well. Moreover, the 1000R curved VA panel matches the natural eye shape. This improves comfort and viewing immersion. The WQHD resolution provides sharp and detailed visuals. You get better clarity compared to standard Full HD screens. In addition, the 1ms response time reduces motion blur during fast scenes. This helps maintain clear and responsive gameplay. It also supports AMD FreeSync Premium for smoother visuals. Screen tearing and stuttering are reduced during gaming sessions. Connectivity includes DisplayPort and HDMI inputs for flexibility. You can connect multiple devices with ease. The MSI Optix G321CQP Monitor offers a balanced gaming experience with speed, clarity, and immersion. Specifications: 31.5-inch WQHD (2560 × 1440) curved VA panel 165Hz refresh rate for smooth gameplay 1ms (MPRT) response time AMD FreeSync Premium support DisplayPort and HDMI connectivity
