The Crucial DDR4 32GB laptop memory runs at 3200MHz to deliver faster performance and smoother multitasking. Designed for reliability and compatibility, it’s an ideal upgrade for laptops that need improved speed, responsiveness, and efficiency. The Crucial DDR4 32GB 3200MHz laptop RAM is built for users who want to significantly boost their system’s performance. Whether you’re multitasking, working with heavy applications, or simply looking for a smoother everyday experience, this memory upgrade helps your laptop run faster and more efficiently. 32GB DDR4 Capacity: Provides ample memory for demanding tasks, multitasking, and professional workloads. 3200MHz Speed: Enhances system responsiveness and reduces load times. Laptop Form Factor: Designed specifically for notebooks using DDR4 SODIMM slots. Low Power Consumption: Improves efficiency and helps extend battery life. Wide Compatibility: Tested to work with a wide range of laptop brands and models. Manufactured by Crucial, a trusted Micron brand, this DDR4 memory is built using high-quality components and tested to meet strict reliability standards for long-term performance. With easy installation and a noticeable performance boost, the Crucial DDR4 32GB 3200MHz laptop RAM is a smart and cost-effective upgrade that extends the life and capabilities of your laptop.
Are you in need of a reliable monitor for your daily tasks? Look no further than the ViewSonic 24″ 60Hz monitor. With its sleek design and impressive features, it’s the perfect companion for work, gaming, and entertainment. First and foremost, let’s talk about the display quality. This monitor boasts a 24-inch screen size, providing ample space for multitasking without compromising clarity. Whether you’re editing documents, watching videos, or playing games, every detail is crisp and clear. Furthermore, with a refresh rate of 60Hz, you’ll experience smooth and fluid motion in fast-paced scenes. Say goodbye to motion blur and enjoy seamless gameplay, smooth scrolling, and lag-free video playback. In addition, the ViewSonic monitor offers versatile connectivity options. With HDMI and VGA inputs, you can easily connect to your PC, laptop, gaming console, or other devices. Switch between tasks effortlessly and enjoy hassle-free setup. Moreover, ergonomic design features ensure comfortable viewing for extended periods. Adjustable tilt allows you to find the perfect angle for your workspace, reducing eye strain and fatigue. Enhance your productivity and comfort with this user-friendly monitor. In conclusion, the ViewSonic 24″ 60Hz monitor combines superior display quality, smooth performance, and versatile connectivity in a sleek and ergonomic design. Whether you’re working, gaming, or watching movies, elevate your viewing experience with ViewSonic. Specifications: Display : 24″ IPS Resolution : 1920×1080 FHD Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Rate : 5ms
Arabic Language Silicone Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13" Macbook Pro with / without Retina Display 13"15" 17" MC184LL/B, NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEW MacBook Air 13” A1932 (Black) Arabic Language Silicone Keyboard Cover Skin for MacBook Air 13″ Macbook Pro with / without Retina Display 13″15″ 17″ MC184LL/B, NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEW MacBook Air 13” A1932 (Black) About this item Only compatible with MacBook Air 13″ (Model: A1369 & A1466) , MacBook Pro 13-Inch with DVD Drive (Model: A1278), Pro 13 inch with Retina Display (Model: A1425 & A1502), Pro 15 inch with DVD Drive (Model: A1286), Pro 15 inch with Retina Display (Model: A1398), Pro 17 inch (Model: A1297) and Apple Wireless Bluetooth Keyboard MC184LL/B (A1314). NOT COMPATIBLE WITH NEWEST MacBook Air 13″ 2018 (Model: A1932) Fit for American Version( “Enter” key is a rectangle), DO NOT FIT FOR Europe Version (“Enter” key looks like “7”) Extra slim silicone skin, made it easier for typing. Soft silicone can ELIMINATE THE SOUND when typing FLEXIBLE, WASHABLE, easy to apply and remove for cleaning or disinfecting. Manufactured to the highest quality available, Ultra thin design lets you open and close your computer without any affection
• LCD panel type: IPS technology • Backlight type: W-LED system • Panel Size: 23.8 inch / 60.5 cm • Display Screen Coating: Anti-Glare, 3H, Haze 25% • Effective viewing area: 527 (H) x 296.5 (V) • Aspect ratio: 16:9 • Maximum resolution: 1920 x 1080 @ 75 Hz* • Pixel Density: 93 PPI • Response time (typical): 4 ms (GtG)* • Brightness: 250 cd/m² • Contrast ratio (typical): 3000:1 • SmartContrast: Mega Infinity DCR • Pixel pitch: 0.2745 x 0.2745 mm • Viewing angle: 178º (H) / 178º (V), @ C/R > 10 • Flicker-free • Display colors: 16.7 M • Scanning Frequency: 30 – 85 kHz (H) / 48 – 75 Hz (V) • LowBlue Mode • EasyRead • sRGB • Adaptive sync , CABLE POWER,CABLE HDMI,CABLE VGA 1 YEAR WARRANTY
The Xiaomi TV A 55 2026 delivers sharp 4K visuals ideal for movies, shows, and streaming. Its 55-inch display fills your space with rich detail and vibrant colors. The 3840×2160 resolution brings sharp textures and clear images. This creates a cinematic feel right at home. Moreover, the Xiaomi TV A 55 2026 supports HDR formats such as HDR10 and HLG for improved contrast and lifelike scenes. Bright areas shine, and darks stay deep. This helps scenes look more realistic in films and series. In addition, this model benefits from motion-smoothing via MEMC technology. Fast scenes in sports or action movies stay smooth and fluid. This reduces blur and keeps motion clean. As a result, viewing remains comfortable and enjoyable. Furthermore, the Xiaomi TV A 55 2026 runs on a smart platform powered by Google TV. You can access streaming apps, cast content, or browse channels easily. Also, the TV features dual 10 W speakers with Dolby Audio and DTS-X sound support. Audio comes out clear, balanced, and immersive. In addition, connectivity options include multiple HDMI ports, USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Ethernet support. This gives flexibility for consoles, streaming devices, or external drives. Setup remains hassle-free for many use cases. Overall, the Xiaomi TV A 55 2026 offers a strong balance of quality, smart features, and ease of use. It works well for entertainment, streaming, and everyday viewing. This TV is ideal for users seeking a 55″ 4K display with modern smart features at a reasonable price. Specifications: Resolution 4K, 3840 × 2160 Refresh rate 60Hz Speaker 2 x 10W Dimensions including base (L × W × H) 1226*312*770mm Dimensions not including base (L × W × H) 1226*76*711mm CPU Quad cortex A55 GPU Mali-G52 MC1 RAM 2GB ROM 8GB
The Logitech G515 Lightspeed TKL Wireless Gaming Keyboard is crafted for serious gamers who demand the best in performance and design. Whether you’re into fast-paced action games or strategic battles, this keyboard delivers precision and speed. Featuring Lightspeed wireless technology, the Logitech G515 offers ultra-fast response times, ensuring every keystroke registers instantly. This means you can enjoy lag-free gaming, giving you the competitive edge you need. The TKL (Tenkeyless) design of the Logitech G515 Lightspeed allows for a more compact setup, giving you extra room for your mouse movements. This makes it perfect for gamers who value space and portability without compromising performance. Customizable RGB lighting lets you personalize your gaming setup. With Logitech G HUB software, you can choose from a wide range of colors and effects, syncing them with your in-game actions for an immersive experience. With a battery life of up to 36 hours on a single charge, you can game uninterrupted. When it’s time to recharge, the USB-C connection ensures fast and efficient charging, so you’re back in action quickly. In conclusion, the Logitech G515 Lightspeed TKL Wireless Gaming Keyboard is the ultimate tool for gamers seeking top performance, customization, and portability. Elevate your gaming setup with the G515 today and experience the difference. Specifications: Switch : Low-profile Key Rechargeable Lithium Polymer Battery Battery Life : 36h Weight : 880g Connection : Wired, Wireless Part Number : 920-012423
The LG 27″ 240Hz UltraGear OLED Gaming Monitor | 27GR95QE-B delivers ultra-fast visuals and rich colors for gaming and media.It features a 2560 × 1440 QHD OLED display for deep blacks and vivid images.Moreover, the smooth 240 Hz refresh rate keeps motion fluid during intense play. This monitor has an extremely fast 0.03 ms (GtG) response time to reduce blur and ghosting.Additionally, its OLED panel supports HDR10 for better contrast and more lifelike scenes.Adaptive sync technologies like FreeSync Premium and G-SYNC help reduce screen tearing and stutter. The LG 27″ 240Hz UltraGear OLED Gaming Monitor | 27GR95QE-B includes HDMI and DisplayPort inputs for easy connections.Furthermore, it has USB ports for peripherals and accessories.Anti-glare and wide 178° viewing angles keep images clear from many positions. This gaming monitor fits well on desks, gaming stations, and work setups.Therefore, it works for competitive gamers and creative content use.Finally, this monitor combines speed, picture quality, and flexibility for daily play and entertainment. Specifications: 27″ (26.5″ viewable) QHD 2560 × 1440 OLED display 240 Hz refresh rate and 0.03 ms (GtG) response time HDR10 with 1.5M:1 contrast and DCI-P3 98.5 % color gamut 2× HDMI + DisplayPort + USB-B upstream + 2× USB-A downstream Anti-glare panel with 178° wide viewing and adaptive sync
OEM-quality trackpad replacement (without flex cable) for MacBook Air 13″ (Model A2179, 2020)—available in Space Gray and Silver finishes—engineered for precise Force Touch performance, smooth multi-touch gestures, and seamless visual integration. Compatible With: MacBook Air 13-inch (2020, Model A2179) with Intel Core i3/i5/i7 processors (non-M1). Part Type: Trackpad only—does not include the flex cable, Taptic Engine, or mounting hardware. Designed for technicians who will reuse the original internal components. Color Options: Space Gray: Matches Space Gray and Midnight finishes Silver: Matches Silver and Starlight finishes (Note: “Z1” typically refers to Apple’s internal regional/part code—this listing covers standard OEM trackpads for A2179.) Space Gray: Matches Space Gray and Midnight finishes Silver: Matches Silver and Starlight finishes (Note: “Z1” typically refers to Apple’s internal regional/part code—this listing covers standard OEM trackpads for A2179.) Force Touch Capable: Fully supports pressure-sensitive input and haptic feedback when paired with the original Taptic Engine and logic board—ensuring full macOS gesture functionality. Precision Build: Mirror-smooth glass surface with exact curvature, texture, and micro-click mechanism matching Apple’s original design for consistent tracking and tactile response. Installation Requirements: Requires full bottom case disassembly and careful transfer of the original flex cable and Taptic Engine. Proper adhesive application is critical for structural integrity and sensor alignment. Recommended for professional or experienced repair technicians only. Important: This is a bare trackpad assembly—not a plug-and-play module. Functionality depends on correct integration with original electronics.
The BYL-2207 2-in-1 LAN adapter provides fast and stable wired internet through a Gigabit Ethernet port using either USB-C or USB 3.0. Perfect for laptops, MacBooks, and PCs without an Ethernet port, it ensures smooth streaming, online meetings, and reliable network performance. The BYL-2207 2-in-1 Type-C / USB 3.0 to Gigabit LAN Adapter is designed for users who need a reliable wired connection on modern laptops and devices. It supports both USB-C and USB 3.0, making it compatible with a wide range of systems including MacBooks, ultrabooks, and desktops. With Gigabit Ethernet speed, it provides faster and more stable internet compared to Wi-Fi, making it ideal for work, gaming, and streaming. 2-in-1 Connector (USB-C + USB 3.0) for wide compatibility Gigabit Ethernet Port (RJ45) for fast and stable wired internet High-Speed Performance supports up to 1000Mbps network speed Plug & Play installation on most systems Compact & Portable Design easy to carry anywhere Ideal for Work & Streaming improves stability for meetings and downloads Reliable Connection reduces lag compared to Wi-Fi Ideal for MacBooks, laptops, ultrabooks, desktops, and tablets that need a stable wired internet connection. Perfect for online meetings, remote work, gaming, IPTV, streaming, and downloading.
The XPrinter XP-C260M is a fast and reliable thermal POS receipt printer designed for retail stores, restaurants, and supermarkets. With USB and LAN connectivity and support for 80mm paper, it delivers clear printing, high speed, and smooth operation for daily business use.
HP E24 G5 FHD Monitor If you’re in the market for an affordable yet high-quality monitor for your everyday computing needs, look no further than the HP E24 G5 FHD Monitor. This versatile monitor is designed to meet your requirements without breaking the bank. The HP E24 G5 features a Full High Definition (FHD) display, ensuring that you’ll enjoy sharp and vivid visuals whether you’re working on documents, streaming content, or engaging in light gaming. With its 24-inch screen size, this monitor strikes a balance between providing adequate screen real estate for multitasking and conserving desk space. It’s an ideal addition to compact workstations. Setting up the E24 G5 is a breeze, thanks to its user-friendly interface and easy connectivity options. You can swiftly connect it to your PC or laptop and start your computing tasks without any hassle. The monitor’s design is both sleek and functional, making it a practical addition to any workspace. Its compact and modern appearance easily complements your existing setup. Whether you’re a student, professional, or home user, the HP E24 G5 delivers reliable performance without straining your budget. It’s a cost-effective choice that doesn’t compromise on quality. Specifications: 23.8″ FHD (1920 x 1080 @ 75 Hz) Flat IPS with Edge-lit 1 HDMI 1.4, 1 DisplayPort™ 1.2 Tilt and Height Adjustable, Pivot, Swivel Stand, VESA Mountable On-screen controls, Anti-glare, HP Eye Ease
The Samsung 27″ Smart Monitor M5 M50D (LS27DM501EMXUE) is an all-in-one display designed for work and entertainment. It combines a Full HD monitor with built-in smart TV features. Additionally, it allows direct streaming without a PC using integrated apps. Moreover, it features a 27-inch VA panel with Full HD resolution and a 60Hz refresh rate. It supports HDR10 and delivers wide viewing angles with consistent image quality. Furthermore, the monitor includes built-in speakers, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth connectivity. It runs on Samsung Tizen OS, enabling access to apps, Samsung TV Plus, and Gaming Hub. It also supports multiple ports, including HDMI and USB-A, for easy device connection. Features like Multi Control and Workspace improve productivity across devices. Overall, the Samsung 27″ Smart Monitor M5 M50D delivers versatile use with streaming, productivity tools, and display performance in one device. Specifications: 27-inch Full HD (1920×1080) VA display 60Hz refresh rate with 4ms response time Built-in smart TV apps with Tizen OS Integrated speakers with HDMI and USB ports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity support
Genuine-spec Touch Bar assembly with integrated flex cable for MacBook Pro 15″ (Models A1706 – 2017 and A1989 – 2018)—fully restores dynamic Touch ID, system controls, and app-specific functions with OEM-level fit and reliability. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 15″ (2017) – Model A1706 (Intel Core i7/i9, 4 Thunderbolt 3 ports) MacBook Pro 15″ (2018) – Model A1989 (Intel Core i7/i9, 4 Thunderbolt 3 ports) MacBook Pro 15″ (2017) – Model A1706 (Intel Core i7/i9, 4 Thunderbolt 3 ports) MacBook Pro 15″ (2018) – Model A1989 (Intel Core i7/i9, 4 Thunderbolt 3 ports) Includes: Complete Touch Bar module with pre-attached flex cable, integrated Touch ID sensor (doubles as power button), and ambient light sensor—ready for direct connection to the logic board. Full Functionality: Restores all Touch Bar features including dynamic app controls, system brightness/volume sliders, Siri, and fingerprint authentication via Touch ID. Color Match: Available in Space Gray and Silver—select the finish that matches your MacBook’s top case. OEM-Quality Build: Matches Apple’s original dimensions, sensor alignment, and surface texture—ensures seamless integration with macOS and consistent responsiveness. Installation Note: Requires full top case disassembly. The flex cable routes under the left speaker and connects near the logic board—precision is critical to avoid damage. Recommended for experienced technicians.
Lexar NM620 SSD 512GB PCIe Gen3 NVMe M.2 2280 Internal Solid State Drive, Up to 3300MB/s Read, for Gamers and PC Enthusiasts (LNM620X512G-RNNNU) About this item High-speed PCIe Gen3x4 interface: 3300MB/s read and 3000MB/s write – NVMe 1.4 supported M.2 2280 form factor with 3D NAND Get 6x the speed of a SATA-based SSD Ideal for PC enthusiasts and gamers Shock and vibration resistant with no moving parts
For gamers who crave an exceptional gaming setup, the ViewSonic VX2728J-2K is your ticket to the ultimate gaming experience. This gaming monitor is designed to bring you into the heart of your games with stunning visuals and high-speed action. First and foremost, the ViewSonic VX2728J-2K features a generous 27-inch display. With this ample screen size, you can immerse yourself in your favorite games, enjoying vibrant graphics and crisp details. But that’s not all! This gaming monitor offers a 2K resolution, ensuring that your games come to life with exceptional clarity and detail, providing you with an edge in your gaming adventures. In addition to its visual prowess, the ViewSonic VX2728J-2K boasts a fast 165Hz refresh rate up to 180hz, delivering ultra-smooth gameplay with minimal motion blur, making it effortless to stay on top of in-game challenges. Furthermore, the monitor features Adaptive Sync technology, ensuring tear-free gaming. This means that your graphics card and monitor work together seamlessly, offering you an uninterrupted and smooth gaming experience. Setting up the ViewSonic VX2728J-2K is a breeze, thanks to its versatile connectivity options. Whether you’re using a PC, gaming console, or laptop, the HDMI and DisplayPort ports have you covered. Transitioning from work to play is made easy with the monitor’s ergonomic design. You can adjust the height, tilt, swivel, or pivot the screen to find the ideal viewing angle, ensuring your comfort during extended gaming sessions. Specifications: 27 Inch QHD (2560x1440p) IPS gaming monitor with thin bezels 165hz and 180Hz refresh rate and 0.5ms (MPRT) response time for ultimate gaming experience AMD FreeSync Premium technology enables fluid and tear-free gameplay Advanced ergonomics (tilt, swivel, rotate and height) for all-day comfort HDR10 content support for deep contrast, rich color, and vibrant details The VX2728J-2K supports laptops, PCs, Macs and more with HDMI, and DisplayPort inputs Specifications: 27 Inch QHD (2560x1440p) IPS gaming monitor with thin bezels 180Hz refresh rate and 0.5ms (MPRT) response time for ultimate gaming experience AMD FreeSync Premium technology enables fluid and tear-free gameplay Advanced ergonomics (tilt, swivel, rotate and height) for all-day comfort HDR10 content support for deep contrast, rich color, and vibrant details The VX2728J-2K supports laptops, PCs, Macs and more with HDMI, and DisplayPort inputs
The MSI MAG 275CQF E18 is a 27-inch curved gaming monitor built for immersive and smooth gameplay with WQHD resolution (2560 × 1440). It delivers vibrant visuals and responsive performance for gamers seeking clarity and speed. Furthermore, its rapid panel enhances action scenes and detailed environments effectively. It features a 180 Hz refresh rate and a 0.5 ms (GtG) response time, which help reduce motion blur and improve tracking in fast‑paced games. In addition, Adaptive‑Sync support minimizes screen tearing for fluid gameplay. The Rapid VA panel produces rich colors and deep contrast. Moreover, HDR Ready technology enhances contrast and shadow detail for more realistic visuals. Anti‑Flicker and Less Blue Light technologies improve viewing comfort during long sessions. As a result, players stay focused and comfortable. The monitor also supports AI Vision, which boosts brightness and color saturation in darker scenes. In addition, HDMI™ CEC console mode improves compatibility with game consoles. Consequently, MAG 275CQF E18 provides enjoyable gaming whether on PC or console. This monitor combines high refresh performance, curved immersion, and advanced color features to enhance both competitive and casual gaming experiences. Specifications: 27-inch WQHD (2560 × 1440) curved Rapid VA panel 180 Hz refresh rate with 0.5 ms (GtG) response time Adaptive‑Sync support for smooth performance HDR Ready with Anti‑Flicker and Less Blue Light technologies AI Vision and HDMI™ CEC console mode compatibility
The Samsung Neo QLED QN80F 4K Samsung Vision AI Smart TV 100″ delivers massive screen immersion with advanced visuals. First, it features 4K resolution for sharp detail on a large display. In addition, the Vision AI optimizes picture quality in real time for better clarity. Moreover, the Neo QLED technology enhances brightness and contrast for lifelike images. Finally, the smart TV system provides easy access to streaming apps and content. The 100-inch screen creates a cinema-like experience for movies, sports, and gaming. Specifications: 100-inch 4K display for massive and immersive viewing experience Vision AI optimizes picture quality in real time Neo QLED technology enhances brightness and contrast Smart TV system for apps and streaming access Ideal for movies, sports, and gaming on a large screen
The MSI MAG 275UPD E14 27-inch gaming monitor is built for competitive and immersive gameplay, offering both ultra-sharp visuals and extremely high refresh rates. Its IPS panel delivers vibrant colors and wide viewing angles, making it suitable for gaming, content creation, and everyday use. Moreover, the monitor supports dual display modes, allowing users to switch between ultra-detailed 4K resolution and ultra-fast Full HD performance. This flexibility allows gamers to enjoy crisp visuals for cinematic games or switch to very high refresh rates for competitive titles that require maximum smoothness and responsiveness. Additionally, fast response times help reduce motion blur and ghosting, ensuring smoother gameplay during fast-moving scenes. The MAG 275UPD E14 also features modern connectivity options and an ergonomic design that fits gaming or professional setups. Furthermore, its slim bezels enhance immersion in multi-monitor setups. Therefore, this monitor suits users who want both high resolution and esports-level speed. Finally, it combines versatility, speed, and image quality in one powerful gaming display. Specifications: Screen size: 27-inch IPS panel Resolution modes: 4K UHD (3840×2160) or Full HD (1920×1080) Refresh rate: 144Hz at 4K / up to 288Hz at FHD Response time: 1ms class gaming response time Connectivity: HDMI and DisplayPort inputs for PC and consoles
The Samsung S27D300 is a 27-inch monitor designed to deliver clear and vibrant visuals for both work and entertainment. With a Full HD resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels, it ensures sharp and detailed images. The monitor features an IPS panel, providing consistent and accurate colors across wide viewing angles. Its 100Hz refresh rate offers smoother motion, reducing blur during fast-paced scenes. The monitor supports 16.7 million colors, ensuring accurate color reproduction. Connectivity options include one HDMI port and one VGA (D-Sub) port, allowing compatibility with various devices. It also features tilt adjustment, enabling users to find a comfortable viewing angle. In terms of power consumption, the monitor uses approximately 25W during typical operation. It operates within a voltage range of 100 – 240 V at 50 – 60 Hz. Measuring 24.1 inches in width, 7.9 inches in depth, and 18.5 inches in height with the stand, the monitor weighs 6.4 pounds. Without the stand, it measures 24.1 inches in width, 1.4 inches in depth, and 14.2 inches in height. The Samsung S27D300 is a reliable choice for users seeking a monitor that balances performance and affordability, suitable for both home and office use. Specifications: Display : 27″ Resolution : 1920 x 1080 FHD Refresh Rate : 100Hz Response Rate : 5ms
REMAX K10 Ryusic Series Type C One-to-Two Live-Stream Wireless Microphone Lossless Sound Quality: This microphone is equipped with an advanced chip for effective noise reduction, minimizing background noise, and delivering clear, high-fidelity sound. True 2.4GHz Wireless Technology: Operates with a proprietary 2.4GHz transmission protocol that offers stable, real-time audio transmission with ultra-low latency (<20ms), enhancing performance. Long-lasting Battery Life: Powered by an 80mAh polymer battery, the microphone consumes low power and provides up to 6-8 hours of continuous working time. Broad Device Compatibility: Compatible with a variety of devices, including smartphones, tablets, computers, and cameras, offering versatile recording solutions. Portable and Compact Design: Featuring a fingertip-sized form factor, this microphone is designed to be lightweight, compact, and easy to carry, making it ideal for both everyday and professional use. Omnidirectional Pickup: With a 360° omnidirectional microphone pickup, sound is captured evenly from all directions, ensuring comprehensive sound coverage for every recording. Material: ABS Battery Capacity: 80mAh Rated Voltage: 3.7V Charging Time: 1-1.5 hours Charging Port: Type-C Working Time: 6-8 hours Transmission Protocol: 2.4GHz proprietary Latency: Ultra-low latency of <20ms; receiver consumption of <25mA Frequency Response: 20Hz-20kHz Sensitivity: -30dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio: -65dB Transmission Distance: 20 meters Microphone Pickup: 360° omnidirectional
