The AOC 27″ 100Hz Monitor offers a seamless and smooth viewing experience for all your needs. Whether you’re gaming, working, or enjoying multimedia, this monitor delivers crisp visuals and smooth performance. With a 100Hz refresh rate, the AOC 27″ Monitor ensures fluid motion and reduces screen tearing. This makes it an excellent choice for gamers who demand fast response times and smooth action. The 27-inch display offers Full HD resolution, providing vibrant colors and sharp details. From watching movies to editing documents, the AOC 27″ Monitor delivers high-quality visuals for every task. Designed with user comfort in mind, the AOC Monitor comes with flicker-free technology and a low blue light mode. This helps reduce eye strain during extended use, ensuring a comfortable viewing experience. The slim, modern design of the AOC 27″ Monitor makes it a stylish addition to any workspace or gaming setup. Its compact size fits easily on most desks, while still offering an immersive viewing experience. The AOC Monitor also includes multiple connectivity options, such as HDMI and VGA ports. This allows easy connection to a wide range of devices, including PCs, gaming consoles, and more. In conclusion, the AOC 27″ 100Hz Monitor combines a fast refresh rate, stunning visuals, and user-friendly design. Whether for gaming, work, or entertainment, this monitor provides the quality and performance you need for everyday tasks. Specifications: Display : 27″ IPS Resolution : 1920 × 1080 (FHD) Refresh Rate : 100Hz Response Rate : 1ms
Original MacBook Pro 13″ (A2338) Display Assembly in Silver, including LCD, Retina panel, backlight, camera, Wi-Fi antennas, hinges, and aluminum lid. Compatible with M1 MacBook Pro 13″ (2020). Ideal for replacing cracked, damaged, or faulty screens. ✔️ Complete Display Assembly: Includes LCD, digitizer, housing, hinges, webcam, and antenna modules. ✔️ Retina Resolution: 2560 × 1600 native resolution with True Tone support. ✔️ Genuine Fit for A2338: Designed specifically for the MacBook Pro 13″ (A2338) – M1 2020 model. ✔️ Accurate Color & Brightness: 500 nits brightness, P3 wide color gamut, and high contrast. ✔️ Silver Aluminum Finish: OEM-grade aluminum lid matching the original color and texture. ✔️ Plug-and-Play Replacement: No programming required — direct connector compatibility. ✔️ Ideal for Repair: Suitable for replacing damaged, flickering, bleeding, or cracked screens.
HP SPro 322pe Monitor Overview The HP SPro 322pe is a professional Full HD monitor built for daily business use. It delivers reliable performance and a clean design. As a result, it fits perfectly in offices and work-from-home setups. 21.5-Inch Full HD Display This monitor features a 21.5-inch Full HD resolution. Therefore, text appears sharp and easy to read. Moreover, images look clear and balanced. Because of this, it supports productivity tasks with ease. In addition, the compact size saves desk space. As a result, it works well in smaller work areas. Smooth and Stable Visual Experience The HP SPro 322pe offers smooth and stable visuals. Therefore, everyday tasks feel comfortable. In addition, scrolling and browsing look natural. This makes it suitable for long working hours. Eye Comfort for Long Sessions This monitor includes eye comfort features. As a result, it helps reduce eye fatigue. Moreover, the anti-glare screen improves visibility. Therefore, users stay focused throughout the day. Connectivity and Ease of Use The HP SPro 322pe includes essential connectivity options. As a result, it connects easily to most PCs. Moreover, setup is quick and straightforward. This saves time and effort. Professional Design and Flexibility The monitor features a simple and professional design. In addition, it supports VESA mounting. As a result, users can customize their workspace layout. Ideal for Office and Business Use This monitor focuses on efficiency and reliability. Moreover, it supports daily workloads without distraction. In conclusion, it is a solid choice for professional environments. Specifications: Display : 21.45″ VA Resolution : FHD (1920 X 1080) Connectivity: 1x HDMI 1.4, 1x VGA. Performance: 100Hz refresh rate for smooth motion, 5ms GtG response time.
WIWU Pilot Water Resistant High-Capacity Laptop Sleeve Case
Replacement Audio Board with IPD Cable for MacBook Air M1 2020 (A2337). Compatible with part numbers 820-01929-A, 821-03452-A, 923-03672, 923-03663, and more. Ideal for fixing audio issues, headphone jack problems, or sound board failures. The Audio Board with IPD Cable for MacBook Air (M1, 2020) is a high-quality replacement spare part designed to restore proper sound functionality on MacBook Air A2337 models. If your MacBook is experiencing no sound output, headphone jack issues, distorted audio, or audio board failure, this replacement board provides a reliable solution. It includes the required IPD cable for proper installation and connection, making it ideal for professional repairs and technician use. Replacement Audio Board + IPD Cable for MacBook Air M1 Fixes audio issues such as no sound, headphone jack failure, or audio distortion Includes IPD cable for correct connection and repair High-quality build for stable and long-term performance Ideal for technicians, repair shops, and spare part replacement Compatible with multiple Apple part numbers for easy matching ✔ MacBook Air (M1, 2020) A2337 Compatible only with MacBook Air A2337 (M1, 2020). Please match your device model and part number before ordering to ensure correct fit.
The LG UltraGear 24″ 180Hz Gaming Monitor delivers exceptional performance for gamers seeking speed and visual precision. Its 23.8-inch Full HD IPS display ensures sharp images and vibrant colors from wide viewing angles. With a rapid 180Hz refresh rate and 1ms (GtG) response time, this monitor minimizes motion blur, providing smooth gameplay even in fast-paced scenarios. These features give you a competitive edge by allowing quicker reactions during intense gaming sessions. The monitor supports HDR10 and covers 99% of the sRGB color spectrum, enhancing visual immersion with rich and accurate colors. This ensures that game environments appear more lifelike and engaging. Equipped with both NVIDIA G-SYNC and AMD FreeSync technologies, the UltraGear monitor reduces screen tearing and stuttering. This compatibility ensures a seamless gaming experience across various graphics cards. Its virtually borderless design on three sides offers an immersive viewing experience, making it ideal for multi-monitor setups. The sleek aesthetics complement any gaming or workstation setup. Additional gaming features like Black Stabilizer, Crosshair, and FPS Counter provide enhanced visibility and targeting precision. These tools assist in identifying enemies and maintaining focus during gameplay. The monitor includes both HDMI and DisplayPort inputs, offering flexibility in connectivity options for different devices. This ensures compatibility with various gaming consoles and PCs. In summary, the LG UltraGear 24″ 180Hz Gaming Monitor combines high-speed performance, vivid visuals, and gamer-centric features, making it a solid choice for both casual and competitive gamers. Specifications: Display : 24″ VA Resolution : FHD 1920 x 1080 Refresh Rate : 180Hz Response Rate : 5ms GTG
AOC C27G4Z 27″ 280Hz 0.3ms curved gaming monitor delivers ultra-fast performance designed for competitive gaming. It focuses on high refresh rate, low response time, and immersive curved visuals. Additionally, it features a 27-inch Fast VA curved panel. This panel uses a 1500R curvature, so it creates a more immersive and focused gaming experience. Moreover, the monitor supports a 280Hz refresh rate with 0.3ms MPRT response time. As a result, it provides extremely smooth motion and reduced blur for fast-paced gameplay. The display uses Full HD resolution (1920 × 1080). Therefore, it allows higher frame rates and consistent performance, especially in competitive esports titles. In addition, it includes Adaptive Sync technology. This reduces screen tearing and stuttering, so gameplay stays smooth across different frame rates. Furthermore, it supports HDR10, low input lag mode, and gaming features such as crosshair overlays and color tuning. These features improve visibility and responsiveness during gameplay. The monitor also includes HDMI and DisplayPort connectivity, along with a 3-sided frameless design for multi-monitor setups. AOC C27G4Z 27″ 280Hz 0.3ms curved gaming monitor provides high-speed performance, immersive design, and competitive-level responsiveness for serious gamers. Check out other option here! Specifications: 27-inch curved Fast VA panel with 1500R curvature 280Hz refresh rate for ultra-smooth gaming performance 0.3ms MPRT response time for minimal motion blur Adaptive Sync support for tear-free gameplay Full HD 1920 × 1080 resolution optimized for high FPS gaming
WiWU Infinite USB‑C to HDMI Adapter (HB004) – Sleek aluminum dongle offering 4K@60Hz output over USB‑C (DP Alt‑Mode), plug-and-play with no drivers needed.Compact, portable, and reliable—a must-have for mobile productivity, gaming, and media streaming. Model: WiWU Infinite USB‑C to HDMI Adapter (HB004) Video Output: HDMI 2.0, supports up to 4K @ 60 Hz resolution Material & Weight: Robust aluminum alloy body, compact, weighs ~69 g Compatibility: Plug-and-play connector works with USB‑C devices supporting DP Alt‑Mode—compatible with laptops, smartphones, tablets, consoles Design & Build: Slim, portable, durable—no driver/software required Use Cases: Ideal for mirroring/extending screens for presentations, streaming, gaming
Premium bilingual keyboard replacement for MacBook Pro 13″ (A1278, 2009–2012) — choose US/Arabic or UK/Arabic layout. Features durable scissor-switch keys, OEM fit, and clear dual-language legends for seamless typing in English and Arabic. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 13-inch (Model A1278) from Late 2009, Mid 2010, Early 2011, and Mid 2012 (Model Identifiers: MacBookPro5,5, 6,2, 8,1) Layout Options (select at purchase): US/Arabic: Primary legends in Arabic, secondary (top-left) in US QWERTY — includes @, #, and standard US symbols. UK/Arabic: Primary legends in Arabic, secondary in UK QWERTY — includes £ symbol, taller Enter key, and UK-specific punctuation. Both versions feature full Arabic character set US/Arabic: Primary legends in Arabic, secondary (top-left) in US QWERTY — includes @, #, and standard US symbols. UK/Arabic: Primary legends in Arabic, secondary in UK QWERTY — includes £ symbol, taller Enter key, and UK-specific punctuation. Both versions feature full Arabic character set Keyboard Type: Traditional scissor-switch mechanism—reliable, tactile, and serviceable (pre-Butterfly design). Backlighting: Included on Early 2011 and Mid 2012 models only. Keycaps are translucent for even lighting. (Note: Late 2009 & Mid 2010 A1278 models did not support backlighting—keyboard will still function, but lighting requires compatible hardware.) Build & Fit: Precision-molded frame with correct screw mounts and alignment pegs—ensures flush, secure installation in the original top case with no rattling. Installation: Keyboard is screw-mounted (no adhesive)—one of the most DIY-friendly MacBook keyboards. Requires top case access and battery disconnect. Suitable for intermediate users or professionals.
AOC 24B30H2 23.8-inch IPS monitor delivers smooth and clear performance for work, study, and casual use. It focuses on reliable Full HD visuals, wide viewing angles, and stable refresh rate for daily tasks. Additionally, it features a 23.8-inch IPS panel with Full HD resolution (1920 × 1080). This panel provides consistent colors and wide viewing angles, so it ensures clear visuals from different positions. Moreover, it supports a 100Hz refresh rate with 1ms MPRT response time. As a result, it delivers smoother motion and reduces blur during scrolling and light gaming. The monitor includes Adaptive Sync technology. Therefore, it reduces screen tearing and stuttering for more stable visual performance. In addition, it supports HDR and wide color coverage. This improves image depth and color accuracy for media and general use. Furthermore, it offers HDMI 1.4 and VGA connectivity with a frameless design. So it supports modern and legacy devices while keeping a clean desk setup. AOC 24B30H2 23.8-inch IPS monitor provides balanced performance, smooth visuals, and essential features for everyday productivity. Specifications: 23.8-inch IPS panel with Full HD 1920 × 1080 resolution 100Hz refresh rate for smoother visual performance 1ms MPRT response time for reduced motion blur Adaptive Sync for tear-free and stable visuals HDMI 1.4 and VGA connectivity for wide compatibility
The ASUS VG34VQL3A Curved Gaming Monitor, 34″ WQHD delivers immersive gaming and smooth visuals for modern PC players. It is designed for gamers, creators, and anyone who wants a wider view and fast performance. First, this monitor features a 34-inch Ultra-Wide QHD (3440 × 1440) curved display with a 1500R curvature that wraps around your vision and feels more natural. As a result, games, movies, and multitasking feel more engaging. In addition, the ASUS VG34VQL3A supports a high refresh rate up to 180 Hz (OC) and a 1 ms response time (GTG) for smooth motion and minimal blur. This helps you react faster in fast-paced games. This model also uses AMD FreeSync Premium Pro for adaptive sync technology that reduces screen tearing and stuttering in supported games. Therefore, visuals stay smooth and clear with compatible GPUs. The screen covers 125% of the sRGB color gamut and supports DisplayHDR™ 400 with HDR10, giving bright highlights and rich contrast for vivid colors in HDR content. Thus, games and movies look more dynamic. Because the panel uses VA technology, it delivers deep contrast and solid black levels that make details pop in dark scenes. Also, the anti-glare coating helps reduce reflections in bright rooms. The ASUS VG34VQL3A includes built-in features like Picture-in-Picture (PiP), Picture-by-Picture (PbP), ASUS GamePlus, and low blue light modes for added convenience and comfort. This makes it versatile for work and play. Connectivity options include DisplayPort 1.4, HDMI 2.0, and USB 3.2 Gen 2 hub ports to link to PCs, laptops, and peripherals easily. As a result, setup stays flexible for many systems. The ergonomic stand offers height, tilt, and swivel adjustments plus VESA mount support, so you can position the monitor comfortably. This helps reduce neck and eye strain during long sessions. In conclusion, the ASUS VG34VQL3A Curved Gaming Monitor, 34″ WQHD combines speed, clarity, and wide ultrawide visuals. Overall, it is a strong choice for immersive gaming and productivity. Specifications: Display :34″ VA Panel, 1500R Curved, Anti-Glare. Resolution :Ultrawide QHD (3440 x 1440). Refresh Rate : Up to 180Hz (OC) for smooth motion. Response Time : 1ms (GTG) for reduced ghosting. HDR: Display HDR 400 with HDR10 support for enhanced contrast.
The MSI MPG 491CQPX QD-OLED 49″ DQHD 240Hz Curved Gaming Monitor gives you a huge, immersive ultrawide screen for gaming and productivity. The 49-inch panel with 5120 × 1440 resolution delivers sharp, detailed imagery for games, movies, work and editing. The wide 32:9 aspect ratio offers expansive workspace and full immersive views. Moreover, the MSI MPG 491CQPX QD-OLED 49″ DQHD 240Hz Curved Gaming Monitor features a very fast 240 Hz refresh rate. This high refresh makes motion smooth and fluid during fast games and action scenes. With a 0.03 ms GtG response time, visuals stay sharp and input feels responsive. This reduces motion blur and keeps gameplay crisp. In addition, the monitor uses a QD-OLED panel with deep contrast and rich colors. Blacks are deep, colors pop, and images look vivid under different lighting. Furthermore, the MSI MPG 491CQPX QD-OLED 49″ DQHD 240Hz Curved Gaming Monitor supports adaptive sync (G-Sync compatible) to prevent screen tearing. It also supports HDR with high peak brightness for richer highlights. This makes games, movies, and graphics feel more dynamic and realistic. Also, connectivity is modern and versatile. You get HDMI 2.1 and DisplayPort 1.4 for high refresh output, plus USB-C with power delivery for convenience. The monitor’s stand offers tilt, swivel, and height adjustments for a comfortable setup. The sleek design and slim bezels give a clean, premium look. Overall, the MSI MPG 491CQPX QD-OLED 49″ DQHD 240Hz Curved Gaming Monitor blends size, speed, and image quality into one impressive display. It enhances gaming performance, boosts productivity, and elevates media consumption. This monitor is ideal for gamers, creators, and multitaskers who want top-tier visuals and immersive experience. Specifications: Display : 49″ QD-OLED Resolution : 5120 x 1440 (DQHD) Refresh Rate : 240Hz Response Time : 0.03ms Curvature : 1800R
The Moxom MX-ST16 is a 12-in-1 safety power strip with 4 AC outlets, 7 USB-A ports, and 1 USB-C PD port. It supports up to 2500W / 10A total load and provides fast USB charging (PD 20W + QC 18W), making it a practical charging hub for home, office, and desk setups. ⚡ 12-in-1 Multi-Output Design: 4 AC sockets + 7 USB-A + 1 USB-C PD allow powering and charging many devices at once. 🔋 Fast USB Charging: USB-C PD up to 20W for modern phones and tablets. QC fast-charge up to 18W on supported USB-A ports. Smart IC balances output across ports for safe, efficient charging. 🔋 Fast USB Charging: USB-C PD up to 20W for modern phones and tablets. QC fast-charge up to 18W on supported USB-A ports. Smart IC balances output across ports for safe, efficient charging. 🛡️ Multi-Safety Protection: Overload protection, surge/over-voltage protection, over-current and overheating protection, plus foreign-object detection. 👶 Child-Safety Shutters: Safety doors on AC outlets reduce accidental contact. ⏻ One-Key Master Switch: Single button controls all outlets for easy power cut-off. 📏 Long Extension Cord: About 2 meters for flexible placement. 🧊 Heat-Resistant Build: ABS + PC construction designed for durability under continuous load.
The Samsung S3 S30GD 22″ 100Hz Monitor offers clear Full HD visuals on a compact 22-inch IPS display. Additionally, the panel delivers consistent colors and wide viewing angles, which makes it suitable for both work and entertainment. The 100Hz refresh rate also ensures smoother motion compared to standard displays. Moreover, Game Mode enhances contrast and visibility during videos and casual gaming. Therefore, scenes appear clearer and more detailed in darker areas. The monitor also includes Eye Saver Mode and flicker free technology, which help reduce eye strain during long sessions. Furthermore, the design is simple and practical for everyday setups. In addition, connectivity includes HDMI and VGA ports for easy connection to different devices. Overall, the Samsung S3 S30GD 22″ 100Hz Monitor is a reliable choice for daily use. Specifications: 22‑inch Full HD (1920 x 1080) IPS panel displays vivid colors and wide viewing angles. Smooth motion with up to 100Hz refresh rate for better video and game performance. Game Mode optimizes contrast and image settings for interactive content. Eye Saver Mode and flicker‑free technology help reduce eye strain during long sessions. Simple connectivity with one HDMI port and one D‑Sub (VGA) port.
WIWU SW03 Sports Smart Watch - Vermilion | Fitness Tracking, Heart Rate Monitoring, Sleep Analysis | Waterproof, Long Battery Life | Compatible with iPhone, Android, iPad, and Tablets WIWU SW03 Sports Smart Watch – Vermilion | Fitness Tracking, Heart Rate Monitoring, Sleep Analysis | Waterproof, Long Battery Life | Compatible with iPhone, Android, iPad, and Tablets WIWU SW03 Sports Smart Watch : Display: 1.28-inch TFT LCD, 240×240 resolution (full-round display) Sport Modes: 13 sport modes for fitness tracking Health Monitoring: Heart rate monitoring, sleep tracking, step counting Bluetooth Features: Supports Bluetooth calls and notification synchronization Water Resistance: IP68 rating (can be submerged up to 1.5m for 30 minutes) Battery: 200mAh, magnetic charging (full charge in ~2 hours) Battery Life: Over 25 days standby time Build Material: PC/ABS plastic for durability
The 60W MagSafe 2 Power Adapter features a magnetic DC connector so if someone should trip over it, the cord disconnects harmlessly and your MacBook Pro stays put safely. It also helps prevent fraying or weakening of the cables over time. In addition, the magnetic DC helps guide the plug into the system for a quick and secure connection. The 60W MagSafe 2 Power Adapter features a magnetic DC connector so if someone should trip over it, the cord disconnects harmlessly and your MacBook Pro stays put safely. It also helps prevent fraying or weakening of the cables over time. In addition, the magnetic DC helps guide the plug into the system for a quick and secure connection. When the connection is secure, an LED located at the head of the DC connector lights up; an amber light lets you know that your notebook is charging, while a green light tells you that you have a full charge. An AC cord is provided with the adapter for maximum cord length, while the AC wall adapter (also provided) gives you an even easier and more compact way to travel. Designed to be the perfect traveling companion, the adapter has a clever design which allows the DC cable to be wound neatly around itself for easy cable storage. Compatible with MacBook Pro with 13-inch Retina display. See this article for more details about choosing the right one. Knowing which specific Mac model you have is important. If you are running OS X Lion (10.7) or later go to the “” menu at the top left of your screen, choose “About this Mac” then click the “More Info…” button. Your Mac model and generation will be displayed. If you are running an earlier version of OS X, you can enter your serial number here to find out which model you have. COMPATIBILITY Mac Models: MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2012 – 2015)
Genuine Apple MacBook Pro 16″ (A2141) Retina display assembly—professionally removed from original units and tested for full functionality. Ideal for high-quality repairs with true OEM performance and clarity. Model Compatibility: Fits MacBook Pro 16-inch (2019 model, A2141) only. 100% Original Apple Display: Not a copy or aftermarket part—this is an authentic Apple Retina display assembly carefully pulled from used or refurbished MacBook Pro units. Stunning Retina Display: 16-inch LED-backlit screen with 3072 x 1920 resolution, P3 wide color, True Tone technology, and high brightness for crisp, lifelike visuals. Complete Assembly Included: Comes with front glass, LCD panel, integrated 720p FaceTime HD camera, ambient light sensor, and full bezel—ready for installation. Rigorously Inspected: Each unit is tested for dead pixels, backlight uniformity, color accuracy, and physical condition to ensure reliable performance. “Pulled” Condition: Removed from a genuine MacBook Pro—fully functional with OEM quality, but shows signs of prior use (no cracks or major blemishes). Perfect for Professional Repairs: Trusted by technicians and refurbishers who demand factory-level display quality and compatibility.
Led Desk Lamp REMAX RT-E815 ReSee Series Smart Eye-Caring 1500mAh RT-E815 With Container · Eye-caring lightning · Large-area lighting · 1500mAh · Delayed light-off · Soft lighting · Stepless dimming · Pen/phone holder · With rechargeable battery · Plug and use · A soft hose of 360-degree adjustment.
The HP Omen 27″ FHD 165Hz Gaming Monitor delivers smooth, sharp visuals for gaming and everyday use. Its Full HD resolution (1920×1080) shows crisp details in games, videos, and work tasks. The 27-inch screen provides ample space for immersive gameplay or multitasking. This helps you stay focused and engaged. Moreover, the HP Omen 27″ FHD 165Hz Gaming Monitor features a fast 165 Hz refresh rate. This high refresh rate makes motion look fluid and clean on screen. Fast-paced games and action scenes appear smoother and more responsive. This reduces blur and improves reaction time during gameplay. In addition, the monitor offers a 1 ms gray-to-gray response time (with overdrive). This helps reduce ghosting and keeps fast movements clear and sharp. Your controls feel more responsive, which is ideal for competitive games. The monitor also supports adaptive sync technology to cut screen tearing and stutter. Furthermore, the HP Omen 27″ FHD 165Hz Gaming Monitor uses an IPS panel that gives wide viewing angles and good color accuracy. Colors stay consistent even when viewed from sides. This helps when you are reading, editing, or sharing your screen with others. Also, the monitor includes eye-comfort features to ease long sessions. A low-blue-light mode helps reduce eye strain during extended gaming or work hours. The anti-glare screen surface helps in bright rooms too. The design of the HP Omen 27″ FHD 165Hz Gaming Monitor is modern and clean with thin bezels. It fits well on desks of different sizes. The stand is adjustable for comfortable viewing angles, and the build feels sturdy and stable. Overall, the HP Omen 27″ FHD 165Hz Gaming Monitor combines speed, clarity, and comfort. It enhances both gaming performance and daily computing tasks. This monitor is ideal for gamers and users wanting a balanced, responsive, and reliable display. Specifications: Display : 27″ IPS Resolution : 1920×1080 Refresh Rate : 165Hz Response Time : 1ms
The ViewSonic XG2431 24″ 240 Hz gaming monitor delivers ultra‑smooth motion for fast‑paced games and everyday use. Its Full HD panel shows sharp images and crisp text, making work, media, and gameplay easy to see. In addition, the 240 Hz refresh rate significantly reduces motion blur, helping you react faster in competitive games. Furthermore, the monitor includes adaptive sync support to reduce screen tearing and keep visuals smooth during intense scenes. It also offers a quick response time to cut down on ghosting and keep action sharp. In addition, the ergonomic stand lets you adjust tilt and height for comfortable viewing during long sessions. Therefore, this monitor fits both gaming setups and work desks with ease. Overall, the ViewSonic XG2431 combines fast motion, clear visuals, and solid connectivity in a reliable 24″ design. Specifications: 24″ Full HD display with clear, crisp visuals 240 Hz refresh rate for ultra‑smooth motion Adaptive sync to reduce screen tearing Fast response time for sharp action Adjustable ergonomic stand and solid connectivity
