Features • Advanced DSP and 3-level technology • Output power factor 1.0 • Active power factor correction (APFC), input power factor up to 0.99 • High efficiency 95% (up to 98% in ECO mode) • Advanced digital parallel technology • Wide input voltage range (11 0 – 288 Vac) and frequency range (40 -70Hz) • 50 I 60 Hz frequency auto sensing • Two modes of frequency conversion: 50 Hz input I 60 Hz output or 60 Hz input I 50 Hz output • Dual-input design, supporting independent bypass • Flexible battery configuration (settable 16-20 pes batteries) • Digitally controlled charger • High charging current available (Max. 12 A) • Charging voltage and current configured by demands • Linear derating in low voltage input reducing battery discharging times, extending the service life of battery • Intelligent battery management, automatic floating I equalizing charge control, charger dormancy control, increasing battery life by 50%• Ability to switch on the UPS with batteries • Settable delayed start time when mains power is restored, reducing the impact on power grid or generator • Fan speed varies intelligently with temperature, reducing noise and extending its service life • Equipped with self-aging function • Compact internal layout, miniaturized the complete unit for small footprint • LCD+LED display, multi-functional keys operation, friendly human-machine interface • Powerful background software for parameters configuration • Advanced multi-platform communications: RS232, USB, RS485, SNMP and dry contacts communication interfaces • Effective software and hardware protection function, robust self-diagnostic function, and abundant event log for check Available Options • RS232 and smart card slot included • Optional parallel function, battery temperature compensation, SNMP card, USB, RS485 card, dry contacts, EMD, and SMS alarms Rear Panel 1. RS232 2. EPO 3. Parallel Port (optional) 4. USB (optional) 5. Temperature Detection (optional) 6. Intelligent Slot 7. Reserved: for manual bypass or battery breaker or outlets ect. 8.Fans 9. Bypass Breaker 10. Input Breaker 11.GND 12.Terminals and Cover http://en.eastups.com/EA900G4610kVA/6754.jhtml
UPS HAWK 2000VA 2kva 1 year warranty
The APC UPS 600W 1000VA Line Interactive BV1000I-GR provides reliable backup power for home and office devices. First, it delivers line-interactive output to protect equipment from voltage fluctuations. In addition, it safeguards connected devices against surges, spikes, and short outages. Moreover, the compact design allows easy placement on desks or near electronics. Finally, the UPS includes LED indicators to monitor battery and load status. The BV1000I-GR ensures uninterrupted operation and protects important electronics during power interruptions. Specifications: 600W / 1000VA line-interactive output protects devices Safeguards against power surges, spikes, and outages Compact design for easy placement on desks or near electronics LED indicators monitor battery and load status Ensures uninterrupted operation during short power interruptions
Specifications : Output Max Configurable Power (Watts) 6.0kWatts / 6.0kVA Output Voltage Note Configurable for 220 : 230 or 240 nominal output voltage Efficiency at Full Load 94.0 % Output Voltage Distortion 1 % Output Frequency (sync to mains) 50/60 Hz +/- 3 Hz Sync to mains Other Output Voltages 220 V, 240 V Load Crest Factor 3 : 1 Topology Double conversion online Waveform type Sine wave Bypass Internal bypass (automatic and manual) Input Input frequency 40 – 70 Hz Auto sensing Input voltage range for main operations 110 – 300 Half load, 176 – 300 Full loadV Efficiency at Full Load 94.0 % Other Input Voltages 220 V, 240 V Batteries & Runtime Battery type Lead-acid battery Typical recharge time 7hour(s) Nominal Battery Voltage 192 V Expected Battery Life (years) 3 – 5 Battery Charge Power (Watts) 235 Watts Runtime View Runtime Graph Communications & Management Interface Port(s) DB-9 RS-232, USB Control panel Multifunction LCD status and control console Audible Alarm Alarm when on battery : distinctive low battery alarm : overload continuous tone alarm Emergency Power Off (EPO) Yes Available SmartSlot™ Interface Quantity 1 Surge Protection and Filtering Surge energy rating 600Joules Physical Maximum Height 173MM, 17.3CM Maximum Width 438MM, 43.8CM Maximum Depth 710MM, 71.0CM Net Weight 61.0KG Shipping weight 71.0KG Shipping Height 1232MM, 123.19CM Shipping Width 600MM, 60.0CM Shipping Depth 836MM, 83.6CM Color Black Environmental Operating Temperature 0 – 40 °C Operating Relative Humidity 0 – 95 % Operating Elevation 0 – 3000meters Storage Temperature -15 – 60 °C Storage Relative Humidity 0 – 95 (Non-condensing) % Storage Elevation 0 – 15000meters Audible noise at 1 meter from surface of unit 55.0dBA Online thermal dissipation 1172.0BTU/hr Protection Class IP20 Conformance Approvals CE, EAC, EN/IEC 62040-1, EN/IEC 62040-2, TISI Standard warranty 2 years repair or replace Sustainable Offer Status RoHS Compliant Warranty : 1 year https://www.apc.com/shop/dk/en/products/APC-Easy-UPS-On-Line-SRV-6000VA-RM-230V-with-Rail-Kit/P-SRV6KRIRK
UPS PCE EXDC-2 MAX UPS Adapter for Cameras & Modems
The APC Easy UPS 1200W / 2200VA BX2200MI-MS provides reliable backup power for critical devices. First, it delivers line-interactive output to protect equipment from voltage fluctuations. In addition, it safeguards connected electronics against surges, spikes, and short outages. Moreover, the UPS features a compact design for easy installation in offices or home setups. Finally, the LCD panel allows real-time monitoring of battery and load status. The BX2200MI-MS ensures uninterrupted operation and protects essential systems during power interruptions. manufacturer link Specifications: 1200W / 2200VA line-interactive output for reliable device protection Protects electronics from surges, spikes, and outages Compact design suitable for office or home setups LCD panel for monitoring battery and load status Ensures uninterrupted operation during power interruptions
MARSRIVA SMART MINI DC UPS 10000MAH Capacity: 10000mAh / 37Wh. Output Interface: USB-A Output: 5V at 2.4A, DC Output: 5V / 9V / 12V (selectable) at 1.5A, POE Output: 5V at 2.4A. Dimensions: 104.5 x 170 x 30.8 mm. Net Weight: 360g. Color: Black. Specifications: MARSRIVA SMART MINI DC UPS 10000MAH Capacity: 10000mAh / 37Wh. Output Interface: USB-A Output: 5V at 2.4A, DC Output: 5V / 9V / 12V (selectable) at 1.5A, POE Output: 5V at 2.4A. Dimensions: 104.5 x 170 x 30.8 mm. Net Weight: 360g. Color: White.
9E20Ki Eaton Online Double Conversion 9E 20KVA / 16000W Combo: 1:1 and 3:1, In-Built Automatic Relay Bypass, Intelligent Power Software, 1 USB port + 1 RS232 serial port (USB and RS232 ports cannot be used simultaneously), 1 slot for Network-MS, ModBus-MS or Relay-MS cards, 1 Year Warranty
The PROLINK PRO1201 1200VA Super-Fast Charging UPS AVR is designed to provide reliable backup power and voltage protection for computers, networking equipment, and home electronics. It helps keep connected devices running during short power interruptions. The UPS provides a 1200VA capacity and uses Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) technology. Additionally, it helps stabilize unstable voltage levels to protect connected equipment from power fluctuations. The PROLINK PRO1201 features super-fast charging technology that helps reduce battery recharge time. Moreover, it allows the UPS to recover power faster after an outage and prepares it for future use. The UPS includes multiple protection features to help protect connected devices. Furthermore, it provides protection against overload, short circuit, surge, and low battery conditions during operation. The PROLINK PRO1201 features LED indicators that display important operating status information. Therefore, users can easily check the UPS condition and power status. The compact design makes the UPS suitable for homes, offices, and small workspaces. In addition, it provides a practical backup solution for computers, routers, and other essential devices. The PROLINK PRO1201 1200VA Super-Fast Charging UPS AVR combines backup power, voltage regulation, fast charging, and safety features. As a result, it provides reliable power support for everyday electronic equipment. Specifications: Capacity: 1200VA / 720W Technology: Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) Charging: Super-Fast Charging Technology Protection: Overload, Short Circuit, Surge, Low Battery Protection Display: LED Status Indicators
The Twist Online High Frequency UPS 10KVA TWUP10000/HF delivers continuous backup power for servers, networking systems, and critical business equipment. It uses online double conversion technology for stable and clean power output. Additionally, the high-frequency design improves efficiency and minimizes transfer interruptions. Moreover, the UPS includes an LCD display for real-time monitoring and system alerts. It features internal 20x12V/9Ah batteries for backup operation during outages. Therefore, it helps protect sensitive equipment from voltage fluctuations and sudden power failures. Furthermore, the TWUP10000/HF supports pure sine wave output for stable operation with professional equipment. It also includes overload, short-circuit, and overheating protection for safer daily use. Additionally, the tower design fits server rooms, office environments, and IT installations easily. Specifications: 10KVA online double conversion UPS technology Internal 20x12V/9Ah rechargeable batteries LCD display for real-time monitoring Pure sine wave output for stable power delivery Overload and short-circuit protection system
Specifications : -True Double-Conversion Online UPS – Mircoprocessor control optimizes reliability – Input power factor correction – Output Power Factor 0.80. – Wide input voltage (110V – 300V) – Converter mode available – ECO mode for enegry saving (Only available for 1 – 3 KVA) – Generator compatible – Adjustable battery number only available for 6K and up models – Smart SNMP works well with either USB or RS-232 together – Emergency power off function (EPO) only available for 6K / 10K models – Optional isolation transformer available. manufacturer link
Specifications : High Reliability Advanced DSP (Digital signal processors) technology Variable speed fan Effective software and hardware protection function, robust self-diagnostic function, and abundant event log for check Advanced digital parallel technology High Availability Wide input voltage range, 50 / 60 Hz frequency auto sensing Linear derating in low voltage input reducing battery discharging times, extending the service life of battery Dual-input design, supporting independent bypass Output power factor improved from 0.9 to 1, load capacity increased by 13% Flexible battery configuration (settable 16 – 20 pcs batteries) Charging voltage and current configured by demands Ability to switch on the UPS with batteries Settable delayed start time when mains power is restored, reducing the impact on power grid or generator Two modes of frequency conversion: 50 Hz input / 60 Hz output or 60 Hz input / 50 Hz output High Usability LCD+LED display, multi-functional keys operation, friendly human-machine interface Powerful background software for parameters configuration and online updating Compact internal layout, miniaturized the complete unit for small footprint High Intelligence Advanced multi-platform communications: RS232, USB, RS485, SNMP and dry contacts communication interfaces Intelligent battery management, automatic floating / equalizing charge control, charger dormancy control, increasing battery life by 50% Energy Conservation and Environment Protection Active power factor correction (APFC), input power factor up to 0.99 High efficiency 95% (up to 98% in ECO mode) Automatic power On/Off according to the load capacity set by users Equipped with self-aging function
APC UPS Accessories SURTRK APC Smart-UPS RT 19″ Rail Kit 1 – 2.2KVA
The Prolink Online UPS 10KVA with LCD and Internal Battery is designed to provide stable power protection for servers, networking equipment, and critical electronic systems. It helps maintain continuous operation during power failures and protects devices from unstable power conditions. The UPS provides a 10KVA capacity and uses online double conversion technology. Additionally, it delivers clean and stable power output to support sensitive equipment that requires reliable energy performance. The Prolink Online UPS features an LCD display that allows users to monitor important system information. Moreover, the screen shows details such as input voltage, output voltage, battery status, load level, and operating conditions for easier management. The UPS includes an internal battery system that provides backup power during outages. Furthermore, it supports protection features against overload, short circuit, over-temperature, and battery problems to help protect connected devices. The Prolink Online UPS is suitable for offices, data centers, and professional environments that need continuous power support. Therefore, it provides a practical backup solution for important equipment that requires stable electricity. The UPS combines high capacity, online power protection, battery backup, and monitoring features in one system. As a result, it helps users maintain reliable power performance during unexpected interruptions. Specifications: Capacity: 10KVA UPS Type: Online Double Conversion Display: LCD Display Battery: Internal Battery System Protection: Overload, Short Circuit, Over Temperature Protection
The APC 1600VA BX1600MI 900W UPS provides reliable backup power for home and office electronics. First, it delivers line-interactive output to protect devices from voltage fluctuations. In addition, it safeguards connected equipment from surges, spikes, and short outages. Moreover, the compact design allows easy placement near computers or servers. Finally, the LCD indicators display battery and load status for real-time monitoring. The BX1600MI-GR ensures uninterrupted operation and reliable protection for critical devices. manufacturer link Specifications: 900W / 1600VA line-interactive output for reliable device protection Protects electronics from power surges, spikes, and outages Compact design for easy placement near computers or servers LCD indicators for monitoring battery and load status Ensures uninterrupted operation during power interruptions
General Topology Online double conversion Configuration Tower Part Number 9E3000I Rating (VA/Watts) 3000/2400 Dimensions (H x W x D, mm) 399 x 330 x 190 Weight (kg) 24.2 Warranty 2 years Electrical Input Connection (1) IEC-320-C20 Input Voltage Range 176-300V without derating (up to 100-300V with derating) Nominal Voltage 208/220/230/240V Frequency 50/60 Hz autoselection Frequency Range 40-70 Hz Electrical Output Voltages 208V*/220V/230V/240V ±1% Voltage THD <2% for 100% linear load Outlets (6) IEC-320-C13 (1) IEC-320-C19 Overload Capacity 105%-130% : 60s, 130%-150% : 10s,>150% : ≥ 300ms Efficiency (Normal Mode) Up to 91% in Online mode Output Frequency 50/60 Hz autoselect Communications Communication Ports 1 USB port + 1 RS232 serial port (USB and RS232 ports cannot be used simultaneously) Communication Slot 1 slot for Network-M2, ModBus-MS or Relay-MS cards Power Management Software Intelligent Power Editions Environmental & Standards Audible Noise <37 dB @ typical load Operating Temperature 0 to 40°C Safety markings IEC/EN 62040-1 EMC Markings IEC/EN 62040 -2 Approvals CE, CB report (TUV)
Prolink PRO906WS 6KVA / 4800W Online UPS with AVR is a high-performance power backup solution designed for critical devices, servers, and sensitive electronics. It provides stable and continuous power protection against outages and voltage fluctuations. It features a 6000VA (4800W) capacity with pure sine wave output. Therefore, it ensures clean and reliable power delivery for computers, networking equipment, and industrial systems. In addition, it protects devices from sudden power loss and electrical damage. The UPS uses online double-conversion technology with built-in AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulation). As a result, it delivers consistent voltage output and improves equipment safety during unstable power conditions. It supports heavy-duty usage and long backup operation depending on load. Meanwhile, its robust design makes it suitable for business, IT infrastructure, and professional environments. Prolink designs its UPS systems for reliability and protection. Therefore, this model is an ideal choice for users who need uninterrupted and stable power supply for critical operations. manufacturer link Specifications: 6000VA / 4800W high capacity Pure sine wave output Online double-conversion UPS Built-in AVR voltage regulation Ideal for servers and critical systems
The SkyGate Mini DC UPS 20000mAh is a powerful and compact solution for uninterrupted power. Whether you need backup power for your router, modem, or other devices, this mini UPS has you covered. With a 20000mAh capacity, the SkyGate Mini DC UPS ensures your devices stay powered during outages or unexpected power cuts. This high-capacity battery provides extended usage time, keeping your essentials running smoothly. The SkyGate Mini DC UPS is designed for versatility, featuring multiple output options. It supports DC 9V/12V, USB 5V, and Type C, making it compatible with a wide range of devices, from routers to smartphones. Setting up the SkyGate Mini DC UPS is simple and hassle-free. Its plug-and-play functionality allows you to connect your devices quickly, ensuring uninterrupted power with minimal effort. The SkyGate Mini DC UPS is equipped with intelligent safety features, including overcharge protection, over-discharge protection, and short-circuit protection. These features ensure safe and reliable operation, protecting your devices from damage. Compact and portable, the SkyGate Mini DC UPS is easy to carry and store. Its lightweight design makes it perfect for use at home, in the office, or even on the go. In conclusion, the SkyGate Mini DC UPS 20000mAh offers reliable backup power with a high-capacity battery and versatile output options. Keep your devices running smoothly during power outages with this efficient and portable mini UPS. Specifications: Battery : 20000mAh Output Power : 18W POE Port : 24V/0.7A DC Port : 9V/2A, 12V/1.5A Output Ports : 5V/2A USB, 5V/1A Type-C
Aokly Gel Battery 12V – 200A 58.5Kg manufacturer link
The Beco GP1200 1200VA 720W UPS delivers reliable power backup for home and office electronics. It keeps key devices running during outages. This helps prevent data loss and sudden shutdowns. Users gain peace of mind knowing devices stay protected. Moreover, the Beco GP1200 1200VA 720W UPS features 1200 VA capacity and 720 W output power for strong support. It handles computers, routers, modems, and monitors easily. Large systems stay powered long enough to save work. Performance stays stable and secure. In addition, the UPS includes built-in surge protection for reliable defense against voltage spikes. It guards appliances from unstable power conditions and electrical surges. This adds extra safety during storms or fluctuations. Protection stays consistent over time. Furthermore, the Beco GP1200 1200VA 720W UPS offers automatic voltage regulation without manual settings. It smooths voltage drops and spikes quickly. This helps connected devices run smoothly. Reliability increases in daily use. Also, the UPS provides battery backup when power fails. You can finish tasks and save important files before turning off systems. This reduces the risk of data corruption. Backup power feels dependable. In addition, the Beco GP1200 1200VA 720W UPS includes clear LED indicators for power and battery status. You can check performance at a glance. This helps monitor conditions with ease. Users stay informed during operation. Moreover, the UPS includes multiple output sockets for connecting more devices at once. This improves flexibility for busy workstations and entertainment setups. You can protect multiple electronics with one unit. Furthermore, the Beco GP1200 1200VA 720W UPS supports easy installation and quick setup. Users can connect devices without complicated steps. Setup remains simple for all users. Also, the compact design fits neatly on desks, shelves, or cabinets without taking much room. It blends well into home and office spaces. Portability stays practical. Overall, the Beco GP1200 1200VA 720W UPS delivers strong battery backup, surge protection, and smooth voltage regulation. It guards electronics and ensures uninterrupted use. This UPS is ideal for users seeking reliable, everyday power protection. Specifications: 1200VA, 720W, LED, Plastic Case Input: 140-290 VAC Output: 230VAC 50/60HZ 12V 7.5AH *2pcs, Universal Socket *4 + EU Plug With AVR, Bypass output Overload and short circuit protection
The Twist Line Interactive UPS 1500VA TWUP1500/LI provides backup power protection for computers, networking devices, and office equipment. It uses line interactive technology with automatic voltage regulation for stable output performance. Additionally, the built-in dual 12V/7Ah batteries support continued operation during power interruptions. Moreover, the UPS includes LED status indicators for clear power monitoring and system alerts. It also supports overload and short-circuit protection for safer daily operation. Therefore, it helps protect connected devices from voltage fluctuations and sudden outages. Furthermore, the compact tower design fits home and office environments easily. The system also supports cold start functionality and simulated sine wave output for common electronic devices. Additionally, the automatic battery charging system improves operational reliability. Specifications: 1500VA line interactive UPS technology Built-in 2x12V/7Ah rechargeable batteries LED indicators for power status monitoring Automatic voltage regulation for stable output Overload and short-circuit protection system
The Beco GP600 600VA 360W UPS delivers reliable power protection for home and office devices. It keeps your electronics safe during outages and voltage drops. This UPS helps prevent data loss and sudden shutdowns, providing peace of mind every day. Moreover, the Beco GP600 600VA 360W UPS features 600 VA capacity with up to 360 W output power. It supports computers, routers, modems, and monitors effortlessly. Devices continue running smoothly during short power interruptions. This improves system stability. In addition, the UPS includes built-in surge protection for safe operation. It guards connected devices against spikes and surges. This adds an extra layer of defense during storms or unstable power conditions. Safety remains a priority. Furthermore, the Beco GP600 600VA 360W UPS offers battery backup that keeps equipment running long enough to save work. This prevents data corruption during sudden outages. Users can shut down systems properly. Protection feels dependable. Also, the unit delivers stable voltage regulation without manual adjustment. It corrects fluctuations automatically. This improves device performance and lifespan. Steady power enhances everyday use. In addition, the Beco GP600 600VA 360W UPS includes easy-to-read LED indicators. They show power and battery status at a glance. Users stay informed without confusion. Monitoring becomes simple and quick. Moreover, the UPS features multiple outlets for connecting several devices at once. This increases flexibility for workstations and entertainment setups. You can protect more devices with one unit. Furthermore, the Beco GP600 600VA 360W UPS supports simple installation without complicated steps. Setup is quick with clearly marked connections. This helps both beginners and experienced users. Also, the compact design fits well on desks or shelves without taking much space. It blends into home and office environments easily. Portability stays practical. Overall, the Beco GP600 600VA 360W UPS delivers dependable battery backup, surge protection, and steady power. It protects vital electronics and supports uninterrupted use. This UPS is ideal for users seeking reliable power protection every day. Specifications: 600VA, 360W, LED, Plastic Case Input: 145-290 VAC Output: 230VAC 50/60HZ 12V 7AH *1pc, Universal Socket *2 + EU Plug With AVR, Bypass output Overload and short circuit protection
Specifications : GENERAL Rated Power 5000VA / 5000W Communication Interface Removable USB / RS232 / RS485 / Bluetooth / Dry-contact Dimension D x W x H (mm) 115 x 300 x 400 Net Weight (kgs) 13 INPUT Voltage 230VAC Selectable Voltage Range 170 ~ 280 VAC (For Personal Computers)90 ~ 280 VAC (For Home Appliances) Frequency Range 50Hz / 60Hz (Auto sensing) OUTPUT AC Voltage Regulation (Batt. Mode) 230VAC ± 5% Surge Power 10000VA Efficiency (Peak) 90% ~ 93% Transfer Time 15 ms (For Personal Computers)20 ms (For Home Appliances) Waveform Pure sine wave BATTERY Battery Voltage 48VDC Floating Charge Voltage 54VDC Overcharge Protection 63VDC SOLAR & AC CHARGER Solar Charger Type MPPT Maximum PV Array Open Circuit Voltage 500VDC Maximum PV Array Power 5000W MPP Range @ Operating Voltage 120VDC~450VDC Maxmum Solar Charge Current 100A Maximum AC Charge Current 100A manufacturer link
General Topology Online double conversion Configuration Tower Part Number 9E1000I Rating (VA/Watts) 1000/800 Dimensions (H x W x D, mm) 356 x 228 x 144 Weight (kg) 9.5 Electrical Input Connection (1) IEC-320-C14 Input Voltage Range 176-300V without derating (up to 100-300V with derating) Nominal Voltage 208/220/230/240V Frequency 50/60 Hz autoselection Frequency Range 40-70 Hz Electrical Output Voltages 208V*/220V/230V/240V ±1% Voltage THD <2% for 100% linear load Outlets (4) IEC-320-C13 Overload Capacity 105%-130% : 60s, 130%-150% : 10s,>150% : ≥ 300ms Efficiency (Normal Mode) Up to 91% in Online mode Output Frequency 50/60 Hz autoselect Communications Communication Ports 1 USB port + 1 RS232 serial port (USB and RS232 ports cannot be used simultaneously) Communication Slot 1 slot for Network-M2, ModBus-MS or Relay-MS cards Power Management Software Intelligent Power Editions Environmental & Standards Audible Noise <37 dB @ typical load Operating Temperature 0 to 40°C Safety markings IEC/EN 62040-1 EMC Markings IEC/EN 62040 -2 Approvals CE, CB report (TUV) 2 Years Warranty manufacturer link
APC Easy UPS On-Line SRV 3000VA 230V SRV3KI is a high-performance uninterruptible power supply designed to provide continuous power protection for servers, network equipment, data centers, and critical business systems. It uses true online double-conversion technology to deliver clean and stable power in demanding environments. The UPS provides 3000VA / 2400W power capacity. Therefore, it can support critical equipment during power outages, voltage fluctuations, and electrical disturbances. In addition, it helps maintain business continuity and equipment reliability. It features online double-conversion technology that continuously conditions incoming power. As a result, connected devices receive consistent and clean power regardless of utility power quality. The unit includes an LCD display for real-time monitoring and system management. Meanwhile, automatic bypass functionality helps maintain power delivery during specific operating conditions and maintenance events. APC designs the Easy UPS On-Line series for dependable power protection and efficient operation. Therefore, this model is ideal for servers, network infrastructure, security systems, and mission-critical applications. manufacturer link Specifications: 3000VA / 2400W power capacity Online double-conversion technology Pure sine wave output LCD status and monitoring display Reliable backup for critical systems
