Laptop Battery Compatible for A31N1519 Battery for ASUS X540S X540L X540SA X540S X540LA-SI302 A540 F540 R540LA About this item Compatible model no. :- a31n1519, asus x540s x540l x540sa x540s x540la-si302 a540 f540 r540la Warranty not covered if defects due to external causes, accidental, physical or liquid damage, cut, burnt, misuse and missing warranty stickers or labels Battery capacity/power capability (mah/wattage) may be different from the reference picture but a backup of the battery will be the same as the original Please match your product with the image provided before placing the order for any help please get in touch with us.
HyperX Pulsefire Core (4P4F8AA) – RGB gaming mouse with PixArt sensor, 6,200 DPI, and 7 programmable buttons.Lightweight, ergonomic design perfect for gamers seeking precision and durability. Model: HyperX Pulsefire Core (4P4F8AA) Sensor Type: PixArt PAW3327 Optical Sensor DPI Range: 800 – 6,200 DPI (adjustable in software) Polling Rate: 1000 Hz Tracking Speed: Up to 220 IPS Acceleration: 30G Buttons: 7 programmable buttons Switch Type: Durable switches rated for up to 20 million clicks Lighting: Customizable RGB lighting (logo zone) Grip Style: Palm or claw grip Design: Ergonomic, right-handed shape with textured side grips Weight: Approx. 87g (without cable) Cable Length: 1.8 meters (braided USB cable) Software Support: HyperX NGENUITY for DPI, RGB, and button customization Compatibility: Windows 10, 8.1, 8, 7
The Samsung 75″ Crystal UHD U8000F 4K Smart TV UA75U8000FUXTW uses a 75-inch LCD panel with 3840 × 2160 resolution. It is a basic 4K TV focused on screen size, standard image processing, and everyday smart features. It uses the Crystal Processor 4K for image processing and upscaling. This system converts lower-resolution content into closer-to-4K output. It also supports HDR10 and HDR10+, which adjust contrast between bright and dark areas for compatible content. The panel runs at a native 60 Hz refresh rate. Motion Xcelerator is included to reduce blur during fast scenes such as sports and gaming. Samsung Tizen OS powers the smart platform. It provides access to streaming apps, web browsing, and SmartThings connectivity. It also supports voice control depending on region and setup. Connectivity includes HDMI ports, USB ports, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet LAN, and optical audio output. It supports Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) for basic console gaming. This model does not include local dimming or advanced display systems. It focuses on standard 4K performance and basic smart TV functionality for general use. Specifications: 75-inch LCD panel with 3840 × 2160 (4K UHD) resolution Crystal Processor 4K with 4K upscaling support HDR10 and HDR10+ compatibility 60 Hz native refresh rate with Motion Xcelerator Tizen OS with HDMI, USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet connectivity
The Lenovo Legion R45w-30 44.5″ Dual QHD Gaming Monitor gives you a massive, ultra-wide screen for gaming, work, and media. Its 44.5-inch curved panel wraps around your view for full immersion. The Dual QHD resolution (5120 × 1440) delivers sharp, detailed images and wide viewing space. This helps games and content feel vivid and real. Moreover, the Lenovo Legion R45w-30 44.5″ Dual QHD Gaming Monitor uses a fast 165 Hz refresh rate — and can overclock up to 170 Hz for ultra-smoother motion. Fast movements and animations appear smooth and fluid. In addition, the monitor features a VA panel with strong contrast (3000:1), deep colors, and wide viewing angles. Colors stay rich and natural even from side angles. It supports 99% sRGB and wide-gamut coverage, ideal for gaming, creative work, and media editing. The 1500R curve and anti-glare surface improve comfort and immersion. Furthermore, the Lenovo Legion R45w-30 44.5″ Dual QHD Gaming Monitor includes modern connectivity. It offers HDMI 2.1, DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C (with power delivery and data), USB hub ports, and even Ethernet. Also, the monitor adds useful features like built-in speakers, adaptive sync (AMD FreeSync Premium Pro), HDR support (DisplayHDR 400), and ergonomic stand adjustments. The stand allows height, tilt, and swivel changes for comfortable setup. Its curved, wide display boosts productivity, creativity, and gaming immersion. Overall, the Lenovo Legion R45w-30 44.5″ Dual QHD Gaming Monitor blends size, speed, clarity, and flexibility into one powerful screen. It transforms your PC into a wide, immersive workstation or gaming setup. This monitor is perfect for gamers, creators, and multitaskers who want maximum space and smooth performance. Specifications: Display : 44.5″ VA Resolution : 5120×1440 Refresh Rate : 165Hz Response Time : 1ms Curvature : 1500R
WiWU WM108 Wimice Dual‑Mode Mouse – Bluetooth 5.0 and 2.4 GHz wireless mouse with 800/1200/1600 DPI, silent clicks, and ergonomic ABS housing.Long battery life (~6 months standby), USB dongle & silent design—ideal for travel, office, and quiet environments. Model: WiWU Wimice WM108 Connection Modes: Bluetooth 5.0 2.4 GHz wireless via USB dongle Connection Modes: Bluetooth 5.0 2.4 GHz wireless via USB dongle DPI Settings: 800 / 1,200 / 1,600 DPI (adjustable) Buttons: 3 standard buttons + clickable scroll wheel (4 keys total) Range: Up to 10 m wireless connectivity Material/Design: Lightweight (67–130 g, depending on source), ergonomic ABS plastic body, magnetic base or “super magnetic absorption” design Operating Range: ≈10 m Silent Clicks: Quiet operation—silent key action Dimensions: Approx. 108 × 64 × 36 mm Weight: 67 g cited by Star Tech and 130 g by others—likely lighter in official spec Compatibility: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, etc. Plug-and-play, no driver needed
WiWU WM108 Wimice Dual‑Mode Mouse – Bluetooth 5.0 and 2.4 GHz wireless mouse with 800/1200/1600 DPI, silent clicks, and ergonomic ABS housing.Long battery life (~6 months standby), USB dongle & silent design—ideal for travel, office, and quiet environments. Model: WiWU Wimice WM108 Connection Modes: Bluetooth 5.0 2.4 GHz wireless via USB dongle Connection Modes: Bluetooth 5.0 2.4 GHz wireless via USB dongle DPI Settings: 800 / 1,200 / 1,600 DPI (adjustable) Buttons: 3 standard buttons + clickable scroll wheel (4 keys total) Range: Up to 10 m wireless connectivity Material/Design: Lightweight (67–130 g, depending on source), ergonomic ABS plastic body, magnetic base or “super magnetic absorption” design Operating Range: ≈10 m Silent Clicks: Quiet operation—silent key action Dimensions: Approx. 108 × 64 × 36 mm Weight: 67 g cited by Star Tech and 130 g by others—likely lighter in official spec Compatibility: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, etc. Plug-and-play, no driver needed
Philips 241V8L6/69 23.6-inch monitor delivers clear and reliable performance for everyday work and home use. It focuses on Full HD clarity, strong contrast, and eye comfort features for long sessions. Additionally, it features a 23.6-inch VA panel with Full HD resolution (1920 × 1080). This panel provides deep contrast and vivid colors, so it improves image quality for documents, browsing, and media. Moreover, it supports a 75Hz refresh rate with Adaptive Sync. As a result, it delivers smoother motion and reduces screen tearing during video playback and light gaming. The monitor includes a 4ms GtG response time. Therefore, it handles motion clearly for everyday tasks and casual entertainment. In addition, it offers a 3000:1 contrast ratio with SmartContrast technology. This enhances dark scenes and improves overall image depth. Furthermore, it includes Flicker-Free technology and LowBlue Mode. So it helps reduce eye strain during long working hours. It also provides HDMI and VGA connectivity with an anti-glare screen surface. This ensures compatibility with modern and older devices while maintaining comfortable viewing. Philips 241V8L6/69 23.6-inch monitor provides balanced performance, solid contrast, and essential comfort features for daily productivity. Specifications: 23.6-inch VA panel with Full HD 1920 × 1080 resolution 75Hz refresh rate with Adaptive Sync support 4ms GtG response time for smooth visuals 3000:1 contrast ratio with SmartContrast Flicker-Free and LowBlue Mode for eye comfort
The AOC 24″ 180Hz Gaming Monitor is a top choice for gamers who want smooth, responsive gameplay. With its impressive 180Hz refresh rate, this monitor ensures that every action on screen is fluid and lag-free. Whether you’re playing fast-paced shooters or racing games, the high refresh rate provides an edge over competitors. Firstly this 24-inch monitor offers Full HD resolution, delivering sharp and clear images. The vibrant colors and crisp details make every game come to life. With its slim bezels, the screen offers an immersive experience, allowing you to focus fully on the action. Furthermore the AOC 24″ Gaming Monitor is equipped with AMD FreeSync technology. This reduces screen tearing and stuttering, resulting in smoother gameplay. It also features a fast response time, ensuring that every movement you make is reflected instantly on screen. Setting up the AOC 24″ 180Hz Gaming Monitor is simple. It supports both HDMI and DisplayPort connections, giving you flexibility in how you connect your gaming PC or console. The ergonomic stand allows you to adjust the height, tilt, and swivel to find the perfect viewing angle. This gaming monitor is built with durability in mind. It is designed to withstand long gaming sessions, offering comfort and stability throughout. The sleek design also complements any gaming setup, adding a modern touch to your desk. Upgrade your gaming experience with the AOC 24″ 180Hz Gaming Monitor. Its high refresh rate, fast response time, and vivid display make it an ideal choice for serious gamers. Specifications: Display : 23.8″ VA Resolution : 1920×1080 Refresh Rate : 180Hz Response Rate : 1ms
The ViewSonic VA2730-4K-HD 27″ UHD 60Hz Monitor delivers crisp, detailed 4K visuals for work, media, and creative projects. Its UHD resolution shows sharp text, images, and video with clear clarity. The 27‑inch screen gives you plenty of space for multitasking and large spreadsheets. Moreover, the ViewSonic VA2730-4K-HD uses a quality IPS panel that gives wide viewing angles and consistent colors from any seat. Colors stay accurate even when you look off‑center. This makes photos, designs, and movies appear vibrant and natural. In addition, the monitor supports HDR10 for improved contrast and more realistic visuals. It also includes anti‑glare coating and a blue‑light filter to protect your eyes during long use. These features help reduce eye strain when you work or binge‑watch for hours. Furthermore, the ViewSonic VA2730-4K-HD 27″ UHD 60Hz Monitor offers simple connectivity with HDMI and DisplayPort. You can connect laptops, desktops, or consoles easily. The plug-and-play setup makes it ready fast, without fuss. Also, the monitor’s design is modern and slim. The thin bezel gives a clean look that suits offices, home desks, or studios. The stand tilts slightly to help you get a comfortable viewing angle. The build feels solid and reliable for daily use. Overall, the ViewSonic VA2730-4K-HD 27″ UHD 60Hz Monitor blends high resolution, vivid color, and usability in one versatile screen. It enhances productivity, creative work, and entertainment. It is ideal for professionals, media fans, and casual users who want a clear, quality display. Specifications: Display : 27″ IPS Resolution : UHD 3840×2160 Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Time : 4ms
Are you looking to elevate your gaming experience? The MSI G27C4 E3 27″ 180Hz Curved Gaming Monitor is the perfect choice. This monitor offers exceptional performance and stunning visuals, making it a top pick for gamers. Firstly, let’s talk about the refresh rate. With an impressive 180Hz refresh rate, this monitor ensures ultra-smooth gameplay. You will notice the difference, especially in fast-paced games where every millisecond counts. The 27-inch curved display provides an immersive viewing experience. The curvature of the screen draws you into the action, enhancing your overall gaming experience. It feels like you’re part of the game, with visuals surrounding you. In addition to its impressive refresh rate and curvature, the MSI G27C4 E3 boasts vibrant colors and sharp details. The Full HD resolution brings your games to life, delivering crisp and clear images. You won’t miss any details, no matter how intense the action gets. Moreover, this gaming monitor features AMD FreeSync technology. This helps eliminate screen tearing and stuttering, providing a seamless gaming experience. Say goodbye to frustrating visual interruptions and enjoy smooth, fluid gameplay. Comfort is also a key feature of the MSI G27C4 E3. The monitor’s adjustable stand allows you to find the perfect viewing angle, reducing strain during long gaming sessions. Plus, the anti-flicker and blue light reduction technologies help protect your eyes. In conclusion, the MSI G27C4 E3 27″ 180Hz Curved Gaming Monitor is a game-changer. It combines high performance, immersive visuals, and comfort to create the ultimate gaming setup. Upgrade your gaming gear today and experience the difference! Specifications: Display : 27″ Rapid VA Resolution : 1920 x 1080 (FHD) Refresh Rate : 180Hz Response Rate : 1ms Curvature : 1500R
Mouschi Field Computer Mouse Pad, Non-Slip Rubber Base and Textured Stitched Edge Mousepads, Mouse Pad Pack for Office and Home Mouschi Field Computer Mouse Pad, Non-Slip Rubber Base and Textured Stitched Edge Mousepads, Mouse Pad Pack for Office and Home Brand: Mouschi Size: Small – 290 X 240 X 3mm Medium – 360 X 300 X 3mm Large – 450 X 400 X 4 mm X-Large – 900 X 420 X 4 mm Color: Black Recommended uses for product: Gaming Material: fabric Mouschi Field Mouse Pad Micro-Weave Fabric: Creates a dense surface for a faster and smoother glide for your mouse. Durable Stitched Anti-Fray Edges: 360° of stitching guards against surface peeling. Staying Power: An anti-skid textured rubber base keeps the mouse pad securely in place even during the most intense gaming sessions. Brand: Mouschi Size: Small – 290 X 240 X 3mm Medium – 360 X 300 X 3mm Large – 450 X 400 X 4 mm X-Large – 900 X 420 X 4 mm Color: Black Recommended uses for product: Gaming Material: fabric
The Samsung Odyssey G4 25″ 240Hz Gaming Monitor is designed to elevate your gaming experience. With its ultra-fast 240Hz refresh rate, you’ll enjoy incredibly smooth and fluid gameplay. Say goodbye to motion blur and lag. Firstly this monitor features a 25-inch display with Full HD resolution, delivering crisp and detailed visuals. Every game you play will look stunning, with vibrant colors and sharp images. Furthermore the Samsung Odyssey G4 is equipped with NVIDIA G-SYNC compatibility, which ensures tear-free and stutter-free gaming. This feature synchronizes the monitor’s refresh rate with your GPU, providing a seamless gaming experience. Moreover designed with gamers in mind, the Odyssey G4 has a sleek and modern design. Its thin bezels offer a more immersive viewing experience, making it perfect for multi-monitor setups. Also adjustability is a key feature of the Samsung Odyssey G4. You can tilt, swivel, pivot, and adjust the height to find the perfect viewing angle. Comfort during long gaming sessions is guaranteed. The monitor also boasts a rapid 1ms response time, reducing ghosting and motion blur. This ensures that every action is rendered smoothly, giving you a competitive edge in fast-paced games. Connectivity is made easy with multiple ports, including HDMI and DisplayPort. You can easily connect your gaming console, PC, or other devices without hassle. In conclusion, the Samsung Odyssey G4 25″ 240Hz Gaming Monitor offers top-tier performance and stunning visuals. Upgrade your gaming setup today and enjoy a superior gaming experience. With its advanced features and ergonomic design, it’s the perfect choice for serious gamers. Specifications: Display : 25″ IPS Resolution : 1,920 x 1,080 Refresh Rate : 240Hz Response Rate : 1ms GTG
Acer Nitro VG240YSbmiipx 23.8 inchSize Name: 23.8 Style Name: FHD, 165Hz, DP Pattern Name: Single Screen size 23.8 Inches Display resolution maximum 1920 x 1080 Pixels Brand ACER Special feature Blue Light Filter, Tilt Adjustment, Frameless, Flicker-Free Refresh rate 165 Hz Discover the joys of a seamless game experience with Radeon FreeSync, in vivid IPS With a 165Hz refresh rate and 1ms Visual Response Boost (VRB) technology, gameplay is seamless and practically blur-free An IPS panel lets you view your display clearly at angles of up to 178 degrees while maintaining the same level of high-quality colour Take in the full view of the display with its ZeroFrame design atop the sharply-cut three-pronged stand No need to fiddle with buttons Easily modify your monitor settings via the Display Widget utility software
The MSI PRO MP245PG E14 monitor delivers smooth performance for work and daily tasks. It features a 24-inch Full HD display that provides clear visuals and accurate colors. Therefore, users can handle office applications, browsing, and content viewing with ease. Moreover, the 144Hz refresh rate ensures smoother motion during fast screen activity. The 1ms response time helps reduce motion blur for better clarity. As a result, users enjoy a more responsive and comfortable viewing experience throughout the day. In addition, the IPS panel maintains consistent colors across wide viewing angles. This allows multiple users to view the screen without distortion. Furthermore, eye care features help reduce strain during long working hours. The monitor also includes essential connectivity options for flexible device integration. Consequently, the MSI PRO MP245PG E14 monitor supports both productivity and smooth visual performance in any workspace. MSI PRO MP245PG E14 monitor offers reliable display quality and enhanced smoothness for modern business environments. Specifications: 24-inch Full HD (1920 × 1080) IPS display 144Hz refresh rate for smoother motion 1ms response time for reduced blur Wide viewing angles with consistent color Eye care features for comfortable use
The MSI G27C3F 27″ is a curved gaming monitor designed to give you smooth and immersive gameplay. It features a 27-inch curved screen that pulls you into the action. With a 165Hz refresh rate, the MSI G27C3F delivers fast and fluid visuals. Moreover, the 1ms response time ensures every movement looks sharp without any motion blur. This makes the MSI G27C3F perfect for fast-paced games. In addition, it uses VA panel technology for deeper blacks and vivid colors. Thanks to its Full HD resolution, games and videos appear clear and detailed. Plus, the MSI G27C3F includes anti-flicker and blue light reduction features. These help reduce eye strain during long gaming or work sessions. Setting up the MSI G27C3F 27″ is quick and simple with its user-friendly design. It also supports tilt adjustment for better viewing comfort. Furthermore, the monitor’s sleek and modern look fits perfectly into any gaming setup. For competitive gamers, the MSI G27C3F offers a real edge with its smooth performance and sharp visuals. Also, it supports AMD FreeSync technology to prevent screen tearing. This keeps your gameplay clean and uninterrupted. Besides gaming, the MSI G27C3F is great for movies, streaming, and everyday use. You can also connect it easily to your PC, laptop, or console. Its ports offer flexible options for all your needs. In short, the MSI G27C3F 27″ is a smart pick for anyone who wants a fast, stylish, and reliable gaming monitor. Choose the MSI G27C3F for better speed, clarity, and comfort in every session. Specifications: Display : 27″ Resolution : 1920 x 1080 FHD Refresh Rate : 180Hz Response Time : 1ms GTG
The TeamGroup CX2 1TB SSD is a reliable 2.5-inch SATA III solid-state drive designed to upgrade laptops and desktops with faster boot times, smoother performance, and quiet operation. Using 3D NAND flash, it delivers consistent speed and improved durability compared to traditional hard drives. ⚡ SATA III Performance: Delivers fast everyday speeds for system boot, app loading, and file transfers compared to HDDs. 💾 1TB Capacity: Ample storage for OS, software, games, and large media files. 🧠 3D NAND Flash: Improves stability, efficiency, and lifespan versus older NAND types. 🔇 Silent & Shock-Resistant: No moving parts, making it quiet and more durable for laptops and mobile use. 🌡️ Low Power Consumption: Helps extend laptop battery life and reduces heat. 🛠️ Easy Upgrade: Standard 2.5″ 7mm design fits most SATA laptops and desktops.
Compact and stylish with a zinc alloy shell, the SatcOp 8‑in‑1 USB‑C Multiport Dock delivers essential ports—Ethernet, HDMI, USB, card readers, and charging—in one portable adapter. Ideal for powering your laptop while expanding connectivity on the go. 🖥️ HDMI Port – Connect to external displays in Full HD or 4K (depending on your host device). 🌐 RJ45 Ethernet Port – Provides stable wired internet access with gigabit-speed support. ⚡ USB-C PD Charging – Power your laptop while using other ports (up to 87W pass-through). 🔌 USB 3.0 & USB 2.0 Ports – Connect flash drives, external storage, keyboards, and mice. 💾 SD & TF Card Readers – Quick access to camera and device storage cards. 🧊 Material – Premium zinc alloy casing for durability and efficient heat dissipation. 💼 Design – Slim, lightweight, and perfect for travel, home, or office setups. 💻 Compatibility – Works with most USB-C laptops, including Windows, macOS, Chrome OS, and select Android tablets.
The Lenovo Legion Pro 32UD-10 69D0GACBEU is a premium 31.5-inch UHD gaming monitor built for high-end gaming and content creation. It uses a QD-OLED panel with 4K resolution, ultra-fast response time, and advanced HDR support. Additionally, it combines esports-level speed with strong color accuracy and deep contrast. This monitor delivers a 3840 × 2160 UHD resolution with a 240Hz refresh rate for smooth gameplay and detailed visuals. Moreover, it features an extremely fast 0.03ms GtG response time that reduces motion blur during competitive gaming sessions. The Lenovo Legion Pro 32UD-10 also supports AMD FreeSync Premium Pro and VESA Adaptive Sync for tear-free gaming performance. The QD-OLED panel provides 99% sRGB and 99% DCI-P3 color coverage with True 10-bit color depth. Therefore, the monitor delivers rich colors, deep blacks, and strong HDR performance for gaming, streaming, and creative workloads. It also supports DisplayHDR True Black 400 and Dolby Vision technologies for enhanced contrast and brightness handling. The Lenovo Legion Pro 32UD-10 includes HDMI 2.1, DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C, and USB hub connectivity for gaming PCs, consoles, and accessories. Additionally, the ergonomic stand supports height, tilt, swivel, and pivot adjustments for flexible positioning. VESA mount support also allows wall or monitor arm installation. Community feedback highlights the monitor’s excellent image quality, fast OLED response performance, and strong HDR gaming experience. However, some users discussed HDR brightness behavior and Dolby Vision driver quirks in early usage reports. Specifications: 31.5-inch 4K UHD QD-OLED gaming display 240Hz refresh rate for ultra-smooth gameplay 0.03ms GtG response time for minimal motion blur DisplayHDR True Black 400 and Dolby Vision support HDMI 2.1, DisplayPort 1.4, USB-C, and USB hub connectivity
lenovo battery L18C3PF2 Laptop Battery Compatible with Lenovo Ideapad L3-15IML05 L340-15API L340-15IWL L340-17API L340-17IWL L340-15API/L340-15IWL Touch Series 5B10T03401 L18M3PF2 L18L3PF1 L18D3PF1 11.25V 36Wh About this item 【Battery type】Li-ion. Voltage: 11.25V. Capacity: 36Wh 3320mAh . 【Compatible Part Number】L18C3PF2 5B10T03401 5B10W67302 L18M3PF2 5B10T03402 5B10W67367 5B10T03404 L18D3PF1 5B10W67278 5B10T03400 L18L3PF1 5B10W67198 5B10T03403 . 【Replacement For Laptop】Lenovo V155-15API V340-17IWL, IdeaPad L3-15IML05, Ideapad L340-15API L340-15IWL L340-17API L340-17IWL L340-15IWL Touch L340-15API Touch Series Notebook. 【Connector】Before placing your order, Please refer to the picture and check it. Because the products produced by different factories will have differences in size, cable length, interface, etc.
Premium non-slip rubber feet designed to fit MacBook Pro models A1398, A1425, and A1502—restoring grip, stability, and base protection with a perfect OEM-style fit. Keep your MacBook Pro firmly in place with these high-quality skid-proof rubber feet, precision-made for MacBook Pro 13″ and 15″ Retina models: A1398 (15″ Retina, 2012–2015) A1425 (13″ Retina, 2012–2013) A1502 (13″ Retina, 2014–2015) These replacement feet replicate Apple’s original design, offering excellent traction on smooth surfaces like glass, wood, or metal desks—preventing slips during typing or transport. Crafted from soft yet durable silicone-rubber, they also cushion your laptop’s base, reducing scratches and minimizing vibration noise. Each set includes all necessary feet (typically 5 per unit) with strong pre-applied adhesive for quick, secure installation. The matte black finish matches your MacBook Pro’s sleek bottom case for a seamless look. Perfect for replacing worn, missing, or damaged feet due to age, cleaning, or accidental removal. A simple, cost-effective way to restore both function and finish to your MacBook Pro. Installation Tip: Clean the foot areas thoroughly with isopropyl alcohol and let dry before applying. Lightly warming the adhesive (with a hairdryer or fingers) can improve bonding.
