The ViewSonic VA2710-mh 27″ 60Hz Monitor brings stunning visuals to your desk. With its 27-inch Full HD display, you can enjoy vibrant colors and sharp details, perfect for work, entertainment, or gaming. This monitor features a sleek and modern design, making it a stylish addition to any workspace. The slim bezels provide a clean and uncluttered look, enhancing your viewing experience. The ViewSonic VA2710-mh offers versatile connectivity options, including HDMI and VGA inputs. This makes it easy to connect your computer, laptop, or gaming console, ensuring compatibility with various devices. With a 60Hz refresh rate, the ViewSonic VA2710-mh delivers smooth and fluid visuals. Whether you’re watching movies, playing games, or working on graphic design, you’ll appreciate the clarity and responsiveness of this monitor. The SuperClear IPS panel technology provides consistent brightness and accurate colors from any viewing angle. This means you can enjoy the same high-quality visuals, whether you’re sitting directly in front of the screen or off to the side. The ViewSonic VA2710-mh is designed for comfort and productivity. It features flicker-free technology and a Blue Light Filter, reducing eye strain during extended viewing sessions. This makes it an ideal choice for those who spend long hours in front of their screens. In conclusion, the ViewSonic VA2710-mh 27″ 60Hz Monitor combines stunning visuals, versatile connectivity, and a sleek design for an exceptional viewing experience. Upgrade your setup today and enjoy vibrant and clear visuals with the ViewSonic VA2710-mh monitor. Specifications: Display : 27″ IPS Resolution : FHS 1920×1080 Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Rate : 5ms
The MSI G242C Gaming Monitor delivers immersive visuals with a 23.6″ curved display and Full HD resolution. It enhances gameplay with a 1500R curve that wraps around your field of view. Moreover, the monitor features a 170Hz refresh rate and 1ms response time for smooth motion. This improves clarity in fast-paced games. It uses a VA panel with high contrast and wide viewing angles. This ensures deeper blacks and consistent colors from different positions. Adaptive Sync support helps reduce screen tearing and stuttering. This provides a smoother and more stable gaming experience. The monitor also includes anti-flicker and low blue light features. These help reduce eye strain during long sessions. The MSI G242C Gaming Monitor is a solid choice for users who want curved immersion and smooth performance. Specifications: 23.6″ Full HD curved VA panel with 1500R curvature 170Hz refresh rate for smooth and responsive gameplay 1ms (MPRT) response time for reduced motion blur Adaptive Sync support to eliminate screen tearing Anti-flicker and low blue light technology for eye comfort
A1932 A2179 A1965 Battery for MacBook Air 13″ Retina (2018 2019, Early 2020) EMC 3184 3302 MRE82 MRE92 MVFH2 MWTJ2 MVH22 MVFM2 MVFK2 MREE2 MREC2 MREA2 MREF2 MUQT2 MUQU2 MacBookAir8,1 8,2 9,1 📄【Specification】Voltage: 11.4V. Capacity: 49.9Wh 4379mAh. Battery Type: Li-Polymer. Condition: Brand new, from high quality materials, top circuit boards and smart chip. 🔋【Replace Part Number】A1965 A1932(EMC 3184) A2179(EMC 3302) 3ICP4/63/119 MacBookAir8,1 MacBookAir8,2 MacBookAir9,1. 💻【Compatible Models】Only fit for MacBook Air 13″ (Model A1932 & Model A2179) Release 2018 2019 2020, fit for MRE82LL/A, MVFH2LL/A, MVFM2LL/A, MVFK2LL/A, MVFJ2LL/A, MVFN2LL/A, MVFL2LL/A, MREE2LL/A, MREC2LL/A, MREA2LL/A, MREF2LL/A, MRE92LL/A, MWTJ2LL/A, MVH22LL/A, MVH52LL/A, MVH42LL/A, MWTL2LL/A, MWTK2LL/A. Please kindly check the model number at the bottom of your laptop (A****). NOT FIT FOR MODEL A2337. 💻【ANTIEE Promise】Each products has undergone rigorous testing to ensure the correct voltage, circuit protection, stable current, low self-discharge and CE / FCC / RoHS Certified for safety. About 500 recharge cycles over the life.
The AOPEN 32HC5QR 31.5″ FHD 165Hz Curved Gaming Monitor wraps your view with a wide curved screen. It gives immersive visuals for gaming, work, or movies. The Full HD resolution produces clear, sharp images. The 31.5‑inch size provides plenty of screen space for multitasking or play. Moreover, the AOPEN 32HC5QR offers a high 165 Hz refresh rate that delivers very smooth motion. Fast action scenes appear fluid and crisp. The VA panel gives deep contrast and rich blacks for vibrant visuals. This enhancement adds depth to games and movies. In addition, the monitor uses adaptive sync (AMD FreeSync Premium) to match frame rate and screen refresh. This avoids screen tearing and stutter during gameplay. You get stable and consistent frame delivery even in intense gaming. Also, the curved 1500R / 1800R screen design helps immerse you deeper into action. It reduces eye‑strain by keeping all parts of the display at a comfortable viewing distance. The AOPEN 32HC5QR includes useful eye‑care features. It has Flicker‑Free and BlueLightShield technologies to reduce screen flicker and filter blue light. This helps protect your eyes during extended use. It also supports HDMI and DisplayPort connectivity for easy setup with laptops, PCs, or consoles. The monitor includes a slim bezel design for a clean modern look. It has a tilt‑adjustable stand and works with VESA mounts for flexible placement. The build feels solid and reliable for everyday use. Overall, the AOPEN 32HC5QR 31.5″ FHD 165Hz Curved Gaming Monitor combines immersive curved display, smooth refresh rate, strong contrast, and eye‑friendly design. It improves gaming, work, and entertainment experiences. It is ideal for gamers, content viewers, and everyday users who want a large, smooth, and comfortable display. Specifications: Display : 31.5 VA Resolution : FHD 1920×1080 Refresh Rate : 165Hz Response Time : 1ms Curvature : 1800R
The MSI Optix G27C7 Gaming Monitor delivers immersive visuals with a 27″ curved display and Full HD resolution. The 1500R curve enhances comfort and viewing experience. Moreover, it features a 165Hz refresh rate for smooth and responsive gameplay. A 1ms response time helps reduce motion blur in fast scenes. The VA panel provides high contrast and deep blacks. It also offers wide 178° viewing angles for consistent image quality. Adaptive Sync with FreeSync Premium reduces screen tearing and stuttering. This ensures smoother gameplay performance. Additional features include Night Vision for better detail in dark areas. Anti-flicker and low blue light help reduce eye strain. The MSI Optix G27C7 Gaming Monitor is a solid choice for users who want curved immersion and smooth performance. Specifications: 27″ Full HD VA curved panel with 1500R curvature 165Hz refresh rate for smooth gaming performance 1ms response time for reduced motion blur AMD FreeSync Premium for tear-free gameplay Wide viewing angles with high contrast ratio
The MSI Optix AG321CQR Gaming Monitor delivers immersive visuals with a 31.5″ curved display and QHD resolution. It enhances gaming with a 1500R curve for better field of view. Moreover, it features a 165Hz refresh rate and 1ms response time for smooth motion. This improves clarity in fast-paced gameplay. The VA panel provides high contrast and rich colors. It supports wide viewing angles for consistent image quality. Adaptive Sync with FreeSync Premium reduces screen tearing and stutter. This ensures fluid and stable performance during gaming sessions. It also includes anti-flicker and low blue light features for eye comfort. The adjustable stand allows tilt, swivel, height, and pivot adjustments. The MSI Optix AG321CQR Gaming Monitor is ideal for users who want immersive curved visuals and smooth performance. Specifications: 31.5″ QHD (2560×1440) VA curved panel with 1500R curvature 165Hz refresh rate for smooth gaming performance 1ms (MPRT) response time for reduced motion blur AMD FreeSync Premium for tear-free gameplay Adjustable stand with tilt, swivel, pivot, and height options
About this item Multifunctional: retro portable speaker, supports Bluetooth transmission, U disk, memory card, AUX (connect to MP3, MP4 player, smartphone, PC) to play music. It is easy to enjoy stereo sound for music lovers. Long battery life: the Bluetooth speaker has a built-in 1500 mAh battery, is rechargeable and environmentally friendly, and offers a battery life of 8 hours so that you can enjoy your favorite music and radio stations for a long time. CLEAR SOUND The radio speaker with a built-in powerful DSP chip and antenna ensures excellent reception, allowing you to experience clear sound. The transmitters can be easily selected to find your favorite FM channels. POWERFUL: This wireless speaker is compact, but with high power, the 5W speaker delivers powerful sound quality. Allows you to enjoy the rich and impressive sound and transform your room into an enchanting listening environment. RETRO DESIGN The small wireless FM radio speaker with charming and versatile design combines classic aesthetics and is a delightful addition to your sound collection. Perfect for living room, bedroom, party, etc.
The ViewSonic VG1655 16″ Portable Monitor is a game-changer for those who need a secondary screen on the go. Whether you’re a digital nomad, a student, or a professional, this portable monitor enhances your productivity and entertainment experience. Firstly this 16″ portable monitor features a Full HD 1080p resolution, delivering sharp and vibrant visuals. From editing documents to watching videos, every detail is clear and crisp on the ViewSonic VG1655. Furthermore designed for portability, the ViewSonic VG1655 is lightweight and slim. It easily fits into your bag, making it an ideal travel companion. Set up is a breeze with the built-in kickstand, allowing you to adjust the screen to your preferred angle. The ViewSonic VG1655 offers versatile connectivity options. With USB-C and Mini HDMI ports, you can connect your laptop, smartphone, or gaming console. This ensures compatibility with a wide range of devices, making it a versatile addition to your tech arsenal. For those who work on the go, the ViewSonic VG1655 features a blue light filter and flicker-free technology. These features help reduce eye strain, allowing you to work comfortably for longer periods. In addition to its impressive display and portability, the ViewSonic VG1655 also boasts robust build quality. The durable design ensures that this portable monitor can withstand the rigors of travel and daily use. In conclusion, the ViewSonic VG1655 16″ Portable Monitor combines portability, high-quality visuals, and versatile connectivity for an unmatched on-the-go experience. Upgrade to the ViewSonic VG1655 today and take your productivity and entertainment to the next level. Specifications: Display : 16″ IPS Resolution : FHS 1920×1080 Refresh Rate : 60Hz Response Rate : 6.5ms Interface : USB-C
RAM CRUCIAL 8GB 2666 DDR4 NOTEBOOK About this item Improve your system’s responsiveness, run apps faster and multitask with ease Good Quality with a high end Crucial RAM CB8GS2666 8GB DDR4 2666 MHz Laptop Memory Easy to use
Huawei IdeaHub Board 2 86-inch display delivers an immersive teaching and collaboration experience with large 4K visuals. It helps teachers present clearly and engage students effectively. As a result, classrooms benefit from better interaction and visibility. The 86-inch screen features 4K UHD resolution with zero-gap laminated glass. Therefore, it reduces reflection and improves clarity. Moreover, the D-LED backlight and 60Hz refresh rate ensure stable and consistent visuals. It supports up to 20 touch points using infrared multi-touch technology. In addition, smart handwriting recognition and annotation allow natural writing. The low latency writing response improves accuracy during lessons. The system includes a quad-core processor with 4GB RAM and 32GB storage. Consequently, it runs applications smoothly. It supports Android, Windows, iOS, and macOS for flexible integration. It also includes key capabilities such as 4K UHD resolution, multi-touch interaction, smart annotation tools, wide connectivity options, and cross-platform support. Huawei IdeaHub Board 2 86-inch display is built to enhance collaboration and simplify teaching. Specifications: 86-inch 4K UHD display with 3840 × 2160 resolution Supports up to 20 touch points with infrared technology Zero-gap laminated glass with D-LED backlight Low latency writing with smart annotation support Quad-core CPU with 4GB RAM and 32GB storage
BenQ MOBIUZ EX2710 27″ Display Screen Size 27 inch Panel Type IPS Backlight Technology LED backlight Resolution (max.) 1920×1080 Brightness (typ.) 350 nits Brightness (peak)(HDR) 400 nits HDR HDR10 Native Contrast 1000:1 Viewing Angle (L/R) (CR>=10) 178°/178° Response Times (GtG) 2 ms Response Times (MPRT) 1 ms Refresh Rate (Hz) 144 Color Gamut 99% sRGB Color Mode Cinema HDRi, ePaper, FPS, Game HDRi, HDR, M-Book, Racing game, RPG, sRGB, Standard Aspect Ratio 16:9 Display Colors 16.7 million color PPI 82 Display Screen Coating Anti-Glare Color Temperature Bluish, Normal, Reddish, User Define Gamma 1.8 – 2.6 HDCP 2.2 OSD Language Arabic, Chinese (simplified), Chinese (traditional), Czech, Deutsch, English, French, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Netherlands, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish AMA Yes Audio Built-in Speaker 2.5Wx2 Headphone Jack Yes Power Voltage Rating 100 – 240V Power Supply Built-in Power Consumption (normal) 22 W Power Consumption (max) 58 W Power Consumption (sleep mode) <0.5 W Dimension and Weight Tilt (down/up) -5˚ – 20˚ Swivel (left/right) 20˚/ 20˚ Height Adjustment Stand 130 mm Dimensions (HxWxD) (mm) 409.6 – 539.6×614.1×216.7 Dimensions (HxWxD) (inch) 16.1 – 21.2×24.2×8.5 Dimensions (HxWxD) (w/o Base) (mm) 382.2×614.1×64.1 Dimensions (HxWxD) (w/o Base) (inch) 15.1×24.2×2.5 Net Weight (kg) 6.2 Net Weight (lb) 13.7 Net Weight (w/o Base) (kg) 4 Net Weight (w/o Base) (lb) 8.8 VESA Wall Mount 100×100 mm Accessories Other Accessories QSG, Warranty Card Connectivity HDMI (v2.0) 2 DisplayPort (v1.2) 1 Eye Care Flicker-free Technology Yes Low Blue Light Yes Brightness Intelligence Plus (B.I.+) Yes Color Weakness Yes ePaper Yes Certification TUV Certificate Flicker-free, Low Blue Light Video Enjoyment HDRi Yes Professional Video Format Support Yes Specifications: BenQ MOBIUZ EX2710 27″ Screen Size 27 inch Panel Type IPS Backlight Technology LED backlight Resolution (max.) 1920×1080 Brightness (typ.) 350 nits 1 Year Warranty
Genuine-spec keyboard replacement for MacBook Pro 14" & 16" (2021–2025, M1 Pro/Max to M4 Pro/Max)—available in US QWERTY or UK QWERTY (with £ symbol). Features Apple’s Magic Keyboard with scissor-switch mechanism, full backlighting, and precise OEM fit. Genuine-spec keyboard replacement for MacBook Pro 14″ & 16″ (2021–2025, M1 Pro/Max to M4 Pro/Max)—available in US QWERTY or UK QWERTY (with £ symbol). Features Apple’s Magic Keyboard with scissor-switch mechanism, full backlighting, and precise OEM fit. US Layout: Wide Enter key @ above 2, # above 3 Standard inverted-T arrow keys Wide Enter key @ above 2, # above 3 Standard inverted-T arrow keys UK Layout: Tall vertical Enter key £ symbol on key 3 @ accessed via Right Alt + 2 Matches Apple’s official UK regional configuration Tall vertical Enter key £ symbol on key 3 @ accessed via Right Alt + 2 Matches Apple’s official UK regional configuration Keyboard Type: Apple Magic Keyboard with scissor-switch mechanism Backlighting: Full per-key white backlight with ambient light sensor support Function Row: Full-height physical function keys (F1–F12) with macOS shortcut toggling Build Quality: OEM-grade keycaps, consistent actuation force, and precise top-case alignment
Genuine-spec touchpad flex cable for MacBook Pro 13″ (Model A2289, 2020, Intel)—restores full Force Touch functionality, haptic feedback, and preci multi-touch gesture control. OEM-quality replacement for damaged or faulty original cables. Compatible With: MacBook Pro 13-inch (2020, Four Thunderbolt Ports, Model A2289, Model Identifier MacBookPro16,2) with Intel Core i5/i7 processors. Part Type: Touchpad flex cable only — does not include the trackpad housing, Taptic Engine, or mounting hardware. This is the OEM-style ribbon cable that connects the trackpad to the logic board. Function: Transmits: Touch input coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support: Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, pinch-to-zoom, and smooth cursor tracking. Touch input coordinates Force Touch pressure data Haptic feedback signals to the Taptic Engine Enables full macOS gesture support: Force Click, three-finger lookup, swipe navigation, pinch-to-zoom, and smooth cursor tracking. OEM-Quality Build: Matches Apple’s original specifications in: Cable length and routing path Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Cable length and routing path Connector pitch and ZIF latch design EMI shielding and flex durability Common Use Cases: Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is unusable Fixing: Intermittent or erratic trackpad behavior Loss of Force Touch or haptic feedback Complete trackpad unresponsiveness Replacing a torn, creased, or liquid-damaged original flex cable Completing a trackpad replacement when the original cable is unusable Fixing: Intermittent or erratic trackpad behavior Loss of Force Touch or haptic feedback Complete trackpad unresponsiveness Intermittent or erratic trackpad behavior Loss of Force Touch or haptic feedback Complete trackpad unresponsiveness Installation Note: Requires full bottom case removal and battery disconnection. Cable routes under internal components (speaker, logic board)—must follow original path. Connects via ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—align carefully, never force. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only. Requires full bottom case removal and battery disconnection. Cable routes under internal components (speaker, logic board)—must follow original path. Connects via ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket—align carefully, never force. Recommended for experienced or certified technicians only. Important Compatibility Notes: ✅ Only for A2289 (13″, 4 Thunderbolt ports, 2020, Intel) ❌ Not compatible with: A2251 (2 Thunderbolt ports, 2020) A2338 (M1 MacBook Pro, 2020) Any MacBook Air or 14″/16″ MacBook Pro ✅ Only for A2289 (13″, 4 Thunderbolt ports, 2020, Intel) ❌ Not compatible with: A2251 (2 Thunderbolt ports, 2020) A2338 (M1 MacBook Pro, 2020) Any MacBook Air or 14″/16″ MacBook Pro A2251 (2 Thunderbolt ports, 2020) A2338 (M1 MacBook Pro, 2020) Any MacBook Air or 14″/16″ MacBook Pro
The Samsung 65″ Neo QLED QN70F 4K Vision AI Smart TV QA65QN70FAUXTW delivers a premium viewing experience with advanced Neo QLED technology. It produces bright, sharp, and highly detailed images with strong contrast, so movies, sports, and games look clear and immersive on the 65-inch screen. Neo QLED technology uses Quantum Mini LEDs to improve brightness control and contrast accuracy. As a result, dark scenes appear deeper while bright scenes stay vivid and balanced. This creates a more realistic picture across different types of content. Vision AI enhances picture and sound in real time. It analyzes each scene and automatically adjusts brightness, sharpness, and color. Therefore, the TV consistently delivers optimized visuals without manual settings. In addition, AI upscaling improves lower-resolution content closer to 4K quality for better clarity and detail. HDR support expands brightness range and color depth, making visuals more dynamic and lifelike. Fast motion handling also improves clarity, which enhances sports and action viewing. The Smart TV platform provides easy access to streaming apps, gaming features, and smart home controls. It runs smoothly and responds quickly when switching between apps. In addition, the slim design with thin bezels gives the Samsung 65 Neo QLED QN70F 4K Vision AI Smart TV QA65QN70FAUXTW a modern and premium appearance. Overall, this Samsung Neo QLED TV combines strong brightness performance, AI optimization, and smart connectivity for a powerful entertainment experience. Specifications: Neo QLED technology delivers bright, sharp, and detailed visuals 65-inch 4K display provides immersive viewing experience Vision AI enhances picture and sound automatically in real time HDR improves contrast, brightness, and color depth Smart TV platform supports apps, streaming, and smart features
C21N1509 Laptop Battery Replacement for Asus Vivobook X556UA X556UB X556UF X556UJ X556UQ X556UQK X556UR X556UV K556U K556UA K556UB K556UF K556UJ K556UQ K556UR A556U A556UA A556UB A556UF(7.6V 38Wh) About this item Battery Type: Li-ion Voltage: 7.6V Capacity:38Wh Compatible Part Number: C21N1509 C21N15WZ C21PQ9H 0B200-01750000 Fits Model:Asus Vivobook X556 X556U X556UA X556UB X556UF X556UJ X556UQ X556UR X556UV K556 K556U K556UA K556UB K556UF K556UJ K556UQ K556UR K556UV F556U F556UA F556UB F556UF F556UJ F556UQ F556UR F556UV A556U A556UA A556UB A556UF A556UJ A556UQ A556UR A556UV Series New from Manufacturer. CE-/FCC-/RoHS-Certified for safety.
The MSI MAG E18 32-inch curved gaming monitor delivers smooth performance and immersive visuals for modern gaming setups. It features a wide display that enhances focus and creates a more engaging experience. Therefore, users can enjoy both casual and competitive gameplay with better visual coverage. Moreover, the WQHD resolution provides clear and detailed images for games and multimedia. The curved design improves viewing comfort and keeps content within your natural field of view. In addition, the 180Hz refresh rate ensures fluid motion during fast-paced scenes. The fast 0.5ms response time reduces motion blur and improves clarity in action sequences. As a result, players gain better control and precision. Furthermore, the panel maintains consistent colors and wide viewing angles, which enhances overall visual quality. In addition, adaptive sync support helps eliminate screen tearing and stuttering. This creates a more stable and enjoyable gaming experience. The monitor also includes multiple connectivity options, allowing easy integration with gaming systems and PCs. MSI MAG E18 32 monitor offers a strong balance of speed, clarity, and immersion. MSI MAG E18 32 monitor is a reliable choice for gamers who want smooth performance and consistent visuals. Specifications: 32-inch WQHD (2560 × 1440) curved display 180Hz refresh rate for smooth gameplay 0.5ms response time for reduced motion blur Curved panel for immersive viewing experience Multiple connectivity ports for flexible setup
WiWU 20W fast Charger for Mobile Phone with USB C Quick Power Adapter in white Wall charger
The Cudy WR1200 AC1200 Router offers flexible networking with its 5-in-1 functionality and dual-band WiFi speeds up to 1200Mbps. Ideal for home and office use, it provides stable connectivity, wide coverage, and multiple operating modes to suit different network needs. AC1200 Dual Band WiFi – Combined speeds of up to 1200Mbps (300Mbps on 2.4GHz + 867Mbps on 5GHz) for smooth browsing, streaming, and gaming. 5-in-1 Multi-Mode Functionality – Works as Router, Access Point, Range Extender, WISP, and Client for maximum flexibility. Wide Coverage – High-gain antennas ensure strong and stable WiFi signal throughout your home or office. Fast Ethernet Ports – Reliable wired connections for computers, smart TVs, and other devices. Easy Setup & Management – Simple configuration through an intuitive web interface. Stable Multi-Device Performance – Designed to handle multiple connected devices efficiently. Secure Network – WPA/WPA2 encryption keeps your connection safe and private. 1 × WAN Port 4 × LAN Ports Dual Band WiFi (2.4GHz & 5GHz) Ethernet (RJ45) Wireless Security (WPA/WPA2)
A capable pre-owned Dell Latitude 5501 with 15.6" touchscreen, 9th Gen Core i5, 16GB RAM, 256GB SSD, and NVIDIA GeForce MX150 2GB—ideal for business users who need a balance of performance, portability, and light graphics power.
The MSI Optix AG321CR Monitor delivers immersive gaming with a 31.5″ curved display and Full HD resolution. The 1500R curvature enhances field of view and comfort. Moreover, it features a 165Hz refresh rate and 1ms response time for smooth motion. This improves clarity during fast gameplay. The VA panel provides high contrast and deep blacks. It ensures consistent colors with wide 178° viewing angles. Adaptive Sync with AMD FreeSync Premium reduces screen tearing and stutter. This delivers fluid and stable performance in games. It also includes Night Vision to improve detail in dark scenes. Anti-flicker and low blue light features help reduce eye strain. The MSI Optix AG321CR Monitor is ideal for users who want large curved visuals and smooth gaming performance. Specifications: 31.5″ Full HD VA curved panel with 1500R curvature 165Hz refresh rate for smooth gameplay 1ms (MPRT) response time for reduced motion blur AMD FreeSync Premium for tear-free performance Wide viewing angles with high contrast ratio
